{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200449478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243318","title":"Evaluation of Bank Innovation Efficiency with Data Envelopment Analysis: From the Perspective of Uncovering the Black Box between Input and Output","display_name":"Evaluation of Bank Innovation Efficiency with Data Envelopment Analysis: From the Perspective of Uncovering the Black Box between Input and Output","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200449478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/math9243318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243318","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/24/3318/pdf?version=1640232444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/24/3318/pdf?version=1640232444","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051095951","display_name":"Kaiyang Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5575-0306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5575-0306","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-9270"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyang Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economic Information Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5575-0306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economic Information Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675588","display_name":"Chenglin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3974-4472","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3974-4472","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-2897","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3061-1641","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3112-2846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economic Information Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economic Information Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434917","display_name":"Qing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1231-4960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1231-4960"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051095951"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1728},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1728},"fwci":3.3426,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9257323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"24","first_page":"3318","last_page":"3318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14183","display_name":"Banking Sector Performance and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-commercial-banks","display_name":"rural commercial banks","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box-theory","display_name":"black box theory","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-function","display_name":"production function","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-output-relationship","display_name":"input-output relationship","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicollinearity","display_name":"multicollinearity","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-innovation","display_name":"technological innovation","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital-investment","display_name":"human capital investment","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficiency-evaluation","display_name":"efficiency measurement","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.826378583908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.7295980453491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92064499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production theory","level":3,"score":0.6871496438980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6455915570259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139876678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524004","display_name":"Production function","level":3,"score":0.6027262806892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5053063035011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.469313383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46522092819213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3811689615249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.360637903213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3369022011756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2701205611228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23885297775268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21006062626838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1719943881034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/math9243318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243318","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/24/3318/pdf?version=1640232444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:24:p:3318-:d:706521","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/24/3318/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4f78fefbfb34f9a9931cc6f90074ca0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4f78fefbfb34f9a9931cc6f90074ca0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics, Vol 9, Iss 24, p 3318 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/math9243318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243318","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/24/3318/pdf?version=1640232444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200449478.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200449478.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965372603","https://openalex.org/W1965677135","https://openalex.org/W1991114804","https://openalex.org/W2046327335","https://openalex.org/W2051691619","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2079689519","https://openalex.org/W2081384722","https://openalex.org/W2344608981","https://openalex.org/W2415614077","https://openalex.org/W2484669336","https://openalex.org/W2506014243","https://openalex.org/W2614944123","https://openalex.org/W2884238314","https://openalex.org/W2889671992","https://openalex.org/W2889696304","https://openalex.org/W2892294168","https://openalex.org/W3006058904","https://openalex.org/W3007255553","https://openalex.org/W3035608224","https://openalex.org/W3045907536","https://openalex.org/W3112265424","https://openalex.org/W3123480373","https://openalex.org/W3196487960","https://openalex.org/W3196866731","https://openalex.org/W3209246342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381897158","https://openalex.org/W2373626941","https://openalex.org/W3045907536","https://openalex.org/W2182571776","https://openalex.org/W2559812080","https://openalex.org/W3176186917","https://openalex.org/W2385321990","https://openalex.org/W2108598941","https://openalex.org/W2393512736","https://openalex.org/W7218171323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15,212],"evaluation":[1,18,119],"of":[2,77,91,98,107,116,199],"corporation":[3],"operation":[4],"efficiency":[5,118,198],"(especially":[6],"innovation":[7,134,161,172],"efficiency)":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"always":[11],"a":[12,42],"hot":[13],"topic.":[14],"currently":[16],"popular":[17],"methods":[19,31],"are":[20,70,84,111,158,184],"data":[21],"envelopment":[22],"analysis":[23],"(DEA)":[24],"and":[25,45,52,66,79,93,103,147,154,164,195],"its":[26],"improved":[27],"methods.":[28],"However,":[29],"these":[30,59],"have":[32],"the":[33,36,46,62,74,88,94,105,108,114,117,139,143,151,176,186,197],"following":[34],"problems:":[35,60],"production":[37,48,67,99,109,148],"process":[38],"is":[39,54,101,168,205],"regarded":[40],"as":[41,129,160,170],"black":[43,63,75,144],"box,":[44],"actual":[47],"relationship":[49,100],"between":[50],"input":[51,78,162],"output":[53,173],"not":[55],"analyzed.":[56],"To":[57],"solve":[58],"(1)":[61,141],"box":[64,76,145],"theory":[65,69,146],"function":[68,110,149],"introduced":[71],"to":[72,86,131,207],"uncover":[73],"output;":[80],"(2)":[81,175],"regression":[82],"models":[83],"used":[85],"alleviate":[87],"multicollinearity":[89],"problem":[90],"inputs,":[92],"most":[95],"appropriate":[96],"model":[97],"selected;":[102],"(3)":[104],"results":[106,115],"compared":[112],"with":[113,142,209],"from":[120],"multiple":[121],"perspectives.":[122],"Taking":[123],"rural":[124,181],"commercial":[125,182],"banks":[126,183],"in":[127,215],"China":[128],"examples":[130],"evaluate":[132],"their":[133],"efficiency,":[135],"this":[136,216],"article":[137,217],"shows":[138],"following:":[140],"theory,":[150],"staff,":[152],"equipment,":[153],"intermediate":[155,165,200],"business":[156,166,201],"cost":[157,202],"suitable":[159,169],"variables,":[163],"income":[167],"an":[171,219],"variable;":[174],"main":[177],"challenges":[178],"faced":[179],"by":[180],"reducing":[185],"reliance":[187],"on":[188],"human":[189],"capital":[190],"investment,":[191],"strengthening":[192],"technological":[193],"innovation,":[194],"improving":[196,223],"management,":[203],"which":[204],"hard":[206],"reveal":[208],"traditional":[210],"DEA.":[211],"method":[213,225],"proposed":[214],"provides":[218],"applicable":[220],"reference":[221],"for":[222],"DEA":[224],"analysis.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
