{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200440422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2021.0049","title":"Breaking the Deadlock in the Space Mining Legal Debate","display_name":"Breaking the Deadlock in the Space Mining Legal Debate","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200440422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2021.0049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/space.2021.0049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2021.0049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2021.0049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175499","display_name":"New Space","issn_l":"2168-0256","issn":["2168-0256","2168-0264"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Space","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015304336","display_name":"Nikola Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-4380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-4380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-4380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091259245","display_name":"Martin \u0160vec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-5951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-5951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63434480","display_name":"Institute of International Relations Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/04hp42s89","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63434480"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Svec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of International Relations, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of International Relations, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63434480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015304336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6012,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94351872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"115","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12717","display_name":"Space exploration and regulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12717","display_name":"Space exploration and regulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12652","display_name":"International Maritime Law Issues","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-mining","display_name":"space mining","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outer-space-treaty","display_name":"Outer Space Treaty","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-uncertainty","display_name":"legal uncertainty","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-legislation","display_name":"national legislation","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-cosmopolitanism","display_name":"legal cosmopolitanism","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/committee-on-the-peaceful-uses-of-outer-space","display_name":"COPUOS","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customary-international-law","display_name":"customary international law","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-interests","display_name":"national interests","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159023740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623276","display_name":"Deadlock","level":2,"score":0.7195391654968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74248516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4169","display_name":"Outer space","level":3,"score":0.6746383309364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779753035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434707","display_name":"Space law","level":4,"score":0.5796418190002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5664410591125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5471434593200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5450376272201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.5372941493988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188843","display_name":"Cosmopolitanism","level":3,"score":0.5153350234031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.49498385190963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4723953902721405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.472141295671463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.42115887999534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4117230772972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2579672932624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12345728278160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/space.2021.0049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2021.0049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2021.0049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175499","display_name":"New Space","issn_l":"2168-0256","issn":["2168-0256","2168-0264"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Space","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490895427","https://openalex.org/W1587976536","https://openalex.org/W1968827860","https://openalex.org/W2016635464","https://openalex.org/W2117450093","https://openalex.org/W2147225393","https://openalex.org/W2153031274","https://openalex.org/W2160658260","https://openalex.org/W2168783816","https://openalex.org/W2332493714","https://openalex.org/W2598395660","https://openalex.org/W2905478331","https://openalex.org/W4225796311","https://openalex.org/W4235691474","https://openalex.org/W4237378855","https://openalex.org/W4240586327","https://openalex.org/W4240854571","https://openalex.org/W4240962547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072367610","https://openalex.org/W4210561353","https://openalex.org/W6886099641","https://openalex.org/W2906804796","https://openalex.org/W2894593508","https://openalex.org/W4226106306","https://openalex.org/W2899054744","https://openalex.org/W7151308569","https://openalex.org/W3003230389","https://openalex.org/W2508981769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,15,156],"offer":[1,266],"a":[2,40,55,129,161,270,274],"novel":[3],"perception":[4,291],"on":[5,89],"breaking":[6,174],"the":[7,10,20,29,32,37,44,60,69,73,86,90,105,134,152,171,179,200,221,227,230,242,246,263],"deadlock":[8,264],"over":[9],"space":[11,47,111,130,148,236],"mining":[12,131],"governance":[13],"debate.":[14],"do":[16,101],"so":[17],"by":[18,54,68,82],"unveiling":[19],"dynamics":[21],"of":[22,31,39,46,85,93,115,127,137,205,234,248,252,255,281,290,292],"how":[23,284],"certain":[24],"policy":[25,197],"making":[26,199],"conducted":[27],"under":[28],"pressure":[30],"legal":[33,41,117,193],"uncertainty":[34,118],"associated":[35],"with":[36,215,226],"lack":[38],"framework":[42],"for":[43,241],"utilization":[45],"resources":[48],"leads":[49],"to":[50,123,143,147,173,183,192,262,273,297],"actions":[51],"driven":[52],"primarily":[53],"national":[56,164,180,209],"outlook\u2014namely,":[57],"interests":[58],"toward":[59],"respective":[61],"nation":[62],"state.":[63],"The":[64,260],"unilateral":[65],"approaches":[66],"adopted":[67],"United":[70,74],"States,":[71],"Luxembourg,":[72],"Arab":[75],"Emirates,":[76],"and":[77,97,133,158,195,220,232,244,283],"Japan":[78],"have":[79],"been":[80],"criticized":[81],"both":[83,216],"members":[84],"UN":[87],"Committee":[88],"Peaceful":[91],"Uses":[92],"Outer":[94,222],"Space":[95,223],"(COPUOS)":[96],"scholars":[98],"since":[99],"they":[100],"not":[102,120,269],"fully":[103],"address":[104],"cosmopolitan":[106,167,206],"ideas":[107],"enshrined":[108],"in":[109,154,245],"international":[110,218],"law.":[112],"This":[113],"situation":[114],"current":[116],"is":[119,268],"visibly":[121],"attractive":[122],"big":[124],"corporations":[125],"capable":[126],"launching":[128],"economy,":[132],"recent":[135],"fate":[136],"tiny":[138],"start-ups,":[139],"which":[140],"were":[141],"sold":[142],"obtain":[144],"technology":[145],"unrelated":[146],"mining,":[149],"finally":[150],"confirms":[151],"case":[153],"point.":[155],"argue":[157],"show":[159],"that":[160,229],"properly":[162],"designed":[163],"legislation":[165,181],"reflecting":[166],"ideals":[168],"can":[169,211],"become":[170],"key":[172,272],"this":[175],"deadlock.":[176],"More":[177],"specifically,":[178],"needs":[182],"reflect":[184],"principles":[185],"known":[186],"from":[187],"political":[188],"science":[189],"theory":[190],"referring":[191],"cosmopolitanism":[194],"foreign":[196],"creativity,":[198],"given":[201],"state":[202],"an":[203,279],"agent":[204],"responsibility.":[207],"Otherwise,":[208],"law":[210,219],"hardly":[212],"be":[213,238],"compatible":[214],"customary":[217],"Treaty,":[224],"particularly":[225],"requirement":[228],"exploration":[231],"use":[233],"outer":[235],"shall":[237],"carried":[239],"out":[240],"benefit":[243],"interest":[247],"all":[249],"countries,":[250],"irrespective":[251],"their":[253],"degree":[254],"economic":[256],"or":[257],"scientific":[258],"development.":[259],"solution":[261],"we":[265,285,294],"here":[267],"unique":[271,275],"lock,":[276],"but":[277],"rather":[278],"explanation":[280],"why":[282],"should":[286],"shift":[287],"our":[288],"modes":[289],"what":[293],"are":[295],"trying":[296],"achieve":[298],"here.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
