{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200435943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","title":"Online Self-Regulated Learning Profiles: A Study of Chinese as a Foreign Language Learners","display_name":"Online Self-Regulated Learning Profiles: A Study of Chinese as a Foreign Language Learners","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200435943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34966340","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8711716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026688084","display_name":"Lin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-0194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-0194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181679659","display_name":"Shanghai University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtvfq62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181679659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Cultural Exchange School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Cultural Exchange School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181679659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071052610","display_name":"Yang Frank Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5294-6437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5294-6437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nuo Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181679659","display_name":"Shanghai University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtvfq62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181679659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nuo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Cultural Exchange School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Cultural Exchange School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181679659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181679659"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":5.1294,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95132288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"797786","last_page":"797786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.6098999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.6098999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.24130000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.06430000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-self-regulation","display_name":"student self-regulation","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning","display_name":"online learning","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"Chinese as a foreign language","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learner-profiles","display_name":"learner profiles","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-students","display_name":"international students","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-motivation","display_name":"student motivation","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-strategies","display_name":"learning strategies","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivated-strategies-for-learning-questionnaire","display_name":"Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7527190446853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776503756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424497","display_name":"Self-regulated learning","level":2,"score":0.7075080871582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6381244659423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5558597445487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114010052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352","display_name":"Foreign language","level":2,"score":0.4790583550930023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.46940505504608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.45965901017189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.43097811937332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2093212604522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18996623158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.17434778809547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.08363673090934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8711716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8711716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34966340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34966340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da09bf71acfd4f4490aa60471fa17fa4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da09bf71acfd4f4490aa60471fa17fa4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797786/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200435943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200435943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62989984","https://openalex.org/W183138548","https://openalex.org/W183997902","https://openalex.org/W320326095","https://openalex.org/W1569760560","https://openalex.org/W1579271636","https://openalex.org/W1694818726","https://openalex.org/W1741890539","https://openalex.org/W1966530137","https://openalex.org/W1966743112","https://openalex.org/W1974544701","https://openalex.org/W1976445490","https://openalex.org/W1977775666","https://openalex.org/W1988190128","https://openalex.org/W1991735841","https://openalex.org/W1991999760","https://openalex.org/W1996043224","https://openalex.org/W2015665569","https://openalex.org/W2044579390","https://openalex.org/W2056434135","https://openalex.org/W2056980590","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2082741065","https://openalex.org/W2083862207","https://openalex.org/W2085861831","https://openalex.org/W2089190744","https://openalex.org/W2090330784","https://openalex.org/W2099952231","https://openalex.org/W2104264329","https://openalex.org/W2109654065","https://openalex.org/W2116955415","https://openalex.org/W2117766479","https://openalex.org/W2124800699","https://openalex.org/W2151646746","https://openalex.org/W2169047435","https://openalex.org/W2284677947","https://openalex.org/W2286054195","https://openalex.org/W2324806577","https://openalex.org/W2490504474","https://openalex.org/W2528720667","https://openalex.org/W2531068001","https://openalex.org/W2590390701","https://openalex.org/W2597900308","https://openalex.org/W2623703952","https://openalex.org/W2755045282","https://openalex.org/W2791157908","https://openalex.org/W2893081953","https://openalex.org/W2916567284","https://openalex.org/W2924692238","https://openalex.org/W2943925723","https://openalex.org/W2951513512","https://openalex.org/W2997616109","https://openalex.org/W3001348403","https://openalex.org/W3014395952","https://openalex.org/W3014723334","https://openalex.org/W3047538028","https://openalex.org/W3112167276","https://openalex.org/W3124828701","https://openalex.org/W3131536256","https://openalex.org/W3180828457","https://openalex.org/W3185087643","https://openalex.org/W3214923421","https://openalex.org/W4256589769","https://openalex.org/W4288077513","https://openalex.org/W6798749299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394945568","https://openalex.org/W4306249825","https://openalex.org/W4399565864","https://openalex.org/W4415976376","https://openalex.org/W4381547966","https://openalex.org/W4399478631","https://openalex.org/W4283824368","https://openalex.org/W4293245093","https://openalex.org/W4416843684","https://openalex.org/W4320880029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,138],"role":[1],"of":[2,29,65,79,115,131,144,157],"self-regulated":[3,136],"learning":[4,112],"(SRL)":[5],"in":[6,36,69,82,93,98],"achieving":[7],"academic":[8],"success":[9],"has":[10,32],"been":[11,33],"widely":[12],"investigated":[13,61],"for":[14,119,148],"campus-based":[15],"college":[16],"students.":[17],"However,":[18],"research":[19],"on":[20],"online":[21,30,66,83,94],"learners'":[22,67],"SRL":[23,46,68,80,145,155],"is":[24,47],"limited,":[25],"while":[26],"the":[27,41,62,77,116,141],"number":[28],"learners":[31],"increasing":[34],"tremendously":[35],"recent":[37],"years,":[38],"especially":[39],"after":[40],"COVID-19":[42],"pandemic":[43],"worldwide.":[44],"As":[45],"context-bound,":[48],"differences":[49],"caused":[50],"by":[51,105],"classroom":[52],"and":[53,76,111,134,146],"home":[54],"environments":[55],"may":[56],"be":[57],"expected.":[58],"This":[59],"study":[60,139],"factor":[63,107],"structures":[64],"Chinese":[70,95,158],"as":[71],"a":[72],"foreign":[73],"language":[74,96,159],"education":[75],"existence":[78],"profiles":[81,130,156],"learners.":[84,137,160],"Data":[85],"were":[86,103],"collected":[87],"from":[88],"378":[89],"international":[90],"students":[91],"enrolled":[92],"courses":[97],"2020.":[99],"Ten":[100],"latent":[101,125],"factors":[102],"revealed":[104],"exploratory":[106],"analysis":[108,127],"with":[109],"motivation":[110],"strategies":[113],"scales":[114],"Motivated":[117],"Strategies":[118],"Learning":[120],"Questionnaire":[121],"(MSLQ).":[122],"A":[123],"follow-up":[124],"profile":[126],"showed":[128],"three":[129],"low,":[132],"moderate,":[133],"high":[135],"supports":[140],"context-bound":[142],"nature":[143],"calls":[147],"developing":[149],"adaptive":[150],"training":[151],"programs":[152],"according":[153],"to":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}