{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200433454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab113","title":"Dietary nitrate and nitrite and human health: a narrative review by intake source","display_name":"Dietary nitrate and nitrite and human health: a narrative review by intake source","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200433454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab113","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34919725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuab113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38078933","display_name":"Nutrition Reviews","issn_l":"0029-6643","issn":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrition Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073407485","display_name":"Sotiria Kotopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-0635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-0635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109954829","display_name":"Agricultural University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03xawq568","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sotiria Kotopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece","Hellenic Food Authority, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-0635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Food Authority, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060595014","display_name":"Antonis Zampelas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4242-3365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4242-3365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109954829","display_name":"Agricultural University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03xawq568","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonis Zampelas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece","Hellenic Food Authority, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4242-3365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Food Authority, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108137979","display_name":"Emmanuella Magriplis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-6857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-6857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109954829","display_name":"Agricultural University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03xawq568","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuella Magriplis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-6857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108137979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"],"apc_list":{"value":4280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4280},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84077404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"4","first_page":"762","last_page":"773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.8809000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.8809000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10155","display_name":"Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.01769999973475933,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-nitrate","display_name":"dietary nitrate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-nitrite","display_name":"dietary nitrite","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processed-foods","display_name":"processed foods","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-additives","display_name":"food additives","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-nitrate","display_name":"drinking water nitrate","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-cancer","display_name":"gastrointestinal cancer","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk","display_name":"cancer risk","score":0.9509999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72158415","display_name":"Nitrite","level":3,"score":0.9232270121574402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.8885636329650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.5219506621360779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.5219394564628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.507082462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5066941380500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5007240772247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35127690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2602563","display_name":"Human nutrition","level":2,"score":0.46081727743148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3985200524330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2735588848590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.1572093367576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13713473081588745}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004032","descriptor_name":"Diet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009566","descriptor_name":"Nitrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009573","descriptor_name":"Nitrites","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuab113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38078933","display_name":"Nutrition Reviews","issn_l":"0029-6643","issn":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrition Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34919725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34919725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrition reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22193766","https://openalex.org/W286686468","https://openalex.org/W1579160800","https://openalex.org/W1803969577","https://openalex.org/W1882943530","https://openalex.org/W1967189039","https://openalex.org/W1978290051","https://openalex.org/W1982263054","https://openalex.org/W1993944273","https://openalex.org/W2003733189","https://openalex.org/W2003989043","https://openalex.org/W2004691285","https://openalex.org/W2023071716","https://openalex.org/W2040375372","https://openalex.org/W2043357639","https://openalex.org/W2051001077","https://openalex.org/W2051071984","https://openalex.org/W2052940456","https://openalex.org/W2061356685","https://openalex.org/W2063023167","https://openalex.org/W2072232571","https://openalex.org/W2074982953","https://openalex.org/W2077483880","https://openalex.org/W2078123434","https://openalex.org/W2078546191","https://openalex.org/W2078654325","https://openalex.org/W2082443603","https://openalex.org/W2101312299","https://openalex.org/W2101447219","https://openalex.org/W2102099287","https://openalex.org/W2103299450","https://openalex.org/W2111751631","https://openalex.org/W2114325309","https://openalex.org/W2120445700","https://openalex.org/W2131128106","https://openalex.org/W2131909554","https://openalex.org/W2134065980","https://openalex.org/W2138704525","https://openalex.org/W2140452988","https://openalex.org/W2147830066","https://openalex.org/W2152180052","https://openalex.org/W2158062208","https://openalex.org/W2158074514","https://openalex.org/W2160677278","https://openalex.org/W2161911960","https://openalex.org/W2164123799","https://openalex.org/W2165333097","https://openalex.org/W2166127992","https://openalex.org/W2166303459","https://openalex.org/W2166990706","https://openalex.org/W2168363136","https://openalex.org/W2170775145","https://openalex.org/W2172251355","https://openalex.org/W2176147188","https://openalex.org/W2182096672","https://openalex.org/W2189342217","https://openalex.org/W2224689328","https://openalex.org/W2298698443","https://openalex.org/W2298842308","https://openalex.org/W2323188683","https://openalex.org/W2419419253","https://openalex.org/W2461497625","https://openalex.org/W2503146442","https://openalex.org/W2507321490","https://openalex.org/W2530813876","https://openalex.org/W2531951422","https://openalex.org/W2548561989","https://openalex.org/W2576712704","https://openalex.org/W2593777024","https://openalex.org/W2599018643","https://openalex.org/W2625214801","https://openalex.org/W2626357317","https://openalex.org/W2765486018","https://openalex.org/W2779690266","https://openalex.org/W2791530065","https://openalex.org/W2791581924","https://openalex.org/W2792696996","https://openalex.org/W2794409385","https://openalex.org/W2801230523","https://openalex.org/W2806481581","https://openalex.org/W2811416510","https://openalex.org/W2884859931","https://openalex.org/W2886996294","https://openalex.org/W2891150779","https://openalex.org/W2896564740","https://openalex.org/W2900542964","https://openalex.org/W2901856147","https://openalex.org/W2913894971","https://openalex.org/W2917399609","https://openalex.org/W2920541700","https://openalex.org/W2948298209","https://openalex.org/W2959048448","https://openalex.org/W2979003614","https://openalex.org/W2998932390","https://openalex.org/W2999469264","https://openalex.org/W2999950703","https://openalex.org/W3006494999","https://openalex.org/W3008249175","https://openalex.org/W3009228402","https://openalex.org/W3010936819","https://openalex.org/W3028067037","https://openalex.org/W3034498252","https://openalex.org/W3046975471","https://openalex.org/W3083955416","https://openalex.org/W3103824894","https://openalex.org/W4255651897","https://openalex.org/W4255682406","https://openalex.org/W6669835910","https://openalex.org/W6683764449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4233556652","https://openalex.org/W4404711124","https://openalex.org/W4402043289","https://openalex.org/W145700950","https://openalex.org/W4403308789","https://openalex.org/W2158074514","https://openalex.org/W4328099300","https://openalex.org/W4247841419","https://openalex.org/W2625026535","https://openalex.org/W7167214986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nitrate":[0,120],"and":[1,29,60,62,66,79,146,155],"nitrite":[2,61,80,147],"are":[3,12,21],"plant":[4,10,83],"nutrients":[5],"that,":[6],"although":[7],"ubiquitous":[8],"in":[9,16,26,35,121,148],"foods,":[11],"highly":[13],"controversial":[14],"substances":[15],"human":[17,149],"nutrition":[18,150],"because":[19,128],"they":[20],"also":[22,124],"used":[23],"as":[24,33],"additives":[25],"processed":[27,108],"foods":[28,110],"may":[30],"be":[31,132,153],"found":[32],"contaminants":[34],"drinking":[36,122],"water.":[37],"The":[38,72,138],"aim":[39],"for":[40],"this":[41],"narrative":[42],"review":[43],"is":[44,111,158],"to":[45,89,113,131,134,152,160],"provide":[46],"a":[47],"thorough":[48],"insight":[49],"into":[50],"the":[51,55,63,100,142],"current":[52],"literature":[53],"on":[54,85,141],"relationship":[56],"between":[57],"dietary":[58],"nitrate":[59,78,145],"health":[64,136],"risks":[65],"benefits":[67],"by":[68],"source":[69],"of":[70,77,104,117,144],"intake.":[71],"results":[73],"highlight":[74],"beneficial":[75],"effects":[76],"consumption":[81],"from":[82,107],"origin":[84],"cardiovascular":[86],"disease":[87],"and,":[88],"date,":[90],"no":[91],"positive":[92],"correlation":[93],"has":[94],"been":[95],"reported":[96],"with":[97],"cancer.":[98,119],"On":[99],"contrary,":[101],"high":[102],"intake":[103],"these":[105],"compounds":[106],"animal-based":[109],"related":[112,133],"an":[114],"increased":[115],"risk":[116],"gastro-intestinal":[118],"water":[123],"raises":[125],"some":[126],"concern,":[127],"it":[129],"appears":[130],"adverse":[135],"effects.":[137],"up-to-date":[139],"debate":[140],"role":[143],"seems":[151],"justified":[154],"more":[156],"research":[157],"required":[159],"verify":[161],"safe":[162],"consumption.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
