{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200427799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736938","title":"An Echinacea purpurea root extract modulates macrophage activation and polarization in response to infection","display_name":"An Echinacea purpurea root extract modulates macrophage activation and polarization in response to infection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200427799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39653451","display_name":"Planta Medica","issn_l":"0032-0943","issn":["0032-0943","1439-0221"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Planta Medica","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084429684","display_name":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Authier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5556-4570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5556-4570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Authier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9, Toulouse"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9, Toulouse","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017729496","display_name":"M Aboussif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266916","display_name":"PiLeJe (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b0k3k66","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266916"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Aboussif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pileje Industrie, Saint-Bonnet de Rochefort"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pileje Industrie, Saint-Bonnet de Rochefort","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055699911","display_name":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte Bertrand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Bertrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9, Toulouse"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9, Toulouse","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079509919","display_name":"Sophie Holowacz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1344-6867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1344-6867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266916","display_name":"PiLeJe (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b0k3k66","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266916"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Holowacz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pileje Laboratoire, Paris"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pileje Laboratoire, Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016310131","display_name":"Agn\u00e8s Coste","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-3323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-3323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Coste","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9, Toulouse"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9, Toulouse","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13483","display_name":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13483","display_name":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12298","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13919","display_name":"Medicinal plant effects and applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echinacea-purpurea","display_name":"Echinacea purpurea","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-extract","display_name":"root extract","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroalcoholic-extract","display_name":"hydroalcoholic extract","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-polarization","display_name":"macrophage polarization","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-activation","display_name":"macrophage activation","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immunity","display_name":"innate immunity","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-pneumoniae","display_name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipopolysaccharide","display_name":"lipopolysaccharide","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytosis","display_name":"phagocytosis","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-type-lectin-receptors","display_name":"C-type lectin receptors","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd36","display_name":"CD36","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leukotriene-b4","display_name":"leukotriene B4","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-respiratory-tract-infection","display_name":"upper respiratory tract infection","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.8730000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778225391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249907","display_name":"Echinacea (animal)","level":2,"score":0.746558427810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195475562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639139","display_name":"Phytochemical","level":2,"score":0.6926182508468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.5662066340446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.543358325958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.5217010378837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.4156869053840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.41358816623687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3426879644393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3073216676712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.270205020904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11202254891395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.09072506427764893}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39653451","display_name":"Planta Medica","issn_l":"0032-0943","issn":["0032-0943","1439-0221"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Planta Medica","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055973923","https://openalex.org/W2024275533","https://openalex.org/W4403507272","https://openalex.org/W2328845419","https://openalex.org/W2063091374","https://openalex.org/W2768915601","https://openalex.org/W2045469407","https://openalex.org/W2096410855","https://openalex.org/W2082459636","https://openalex.org/W7057047497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Echinacea":[0,69],"preparations":[1],"are":[2],"traditionally":[3],"used":[4],"for":[5,107],"the":[6,29,33,40,45,51,57,153,169,230,244],"prevention":[7],"and":[8,42,84,90,110,130,144,148,160,175,198],"treatment":[9],"of":[10,32,39,44,53,60,65,68,123,136,171,178,183,232],"upper":[11],"respiratory":[12],"tract":[13],"infections.":[14],"Although":[15],"immunomodulatory":[16,58],"properties":[17,59],"have":[18],"been":[19],"described,":[20],"notably":[21],"on":[22,28,80],"innate":[23,237],"immunity,":[24],"effects":[25],"remain":[26],"dependent":[27],"phytochemical":[30],"composition":[31],"extract":[34,64,76],"used,":[35,47],"itself":[36],"a":[37,61],"function":[38],"species":[41],"part":[43],"plant":[46],"as":[48,50],"well":[49],"method":[52],"extraction.":[54],"We":[55],"investigated":[56],"standardized":[62],"hydroethanolic":[63,74],"fresh":[66],"roots":[67],"purpurea":[70,234],"(patented":[71],"process":[72],"Phytostandard\u00ae;":[73],"root":[75],"[HRE],":[77],"PiLeJe":[78],"Laboratoire)":[79],"peritoneal":[81,173],"macrophage":[82,184],"activation":[83,122],"polarization":[85],"in":[86,163,215],"response":[87,157],"to":[88,158],"LPS":[89,115,120,159],"Streptococcus":[91,141],"pneumoniae":[92,211],".":[93],"C57BL/6":[94],"mice":[95,219],"were":[96,138],"orally":[97],"treated":[98],"once":[99],"daily":[100],"with":[101,114,221],"HRE":[102,154,190,222,231],"or":[103],"phosphate-buffered":[104],"saline":[105],"(n=10/group)":[106],"14":[108],"days":[109],"then":[111],"intraperitoneally":[112],"injected":[113],"(0.5mg/kg).":[116],"Twelve":[117],"hours":[118],"after":[119],"injection,":[121],"macrophages":[124,137,174,216],"was":[125,187,212],"assessed":[126],"by":[127,146,167],"flow":[128],"cytometry":[129],"RT-qPCR.":[131],"Ex":[132],"vivo":[133],"microbicidal":[134],"functions":[135],"evaluated":[139],"against":[140,209,239],"pneumonia":[142],"(phagocytosis":[143],"killing":[145],"fluorescence":[147],"CFU":[149],"quantification,":[150],"respectively).":[151],"Interestingly,":[152],"decreased":[155],"inflammatory":[156,245],"induced":[161],"changes":[162],"immune":[164],"cell":[165],"populations":[166],"increasing":[168],"percentage":[170],"small":[172],"decreasing":[176],"that":[177,206,229],"systemic":[179],"classical":[180],"monocytes.":[181],"Regulation":[182],"gene":[185],"expression":[186],"also":[188],"observed;":[189],"decreases":[191],"pro-inflammatory":[192],"cytokines,":[193],"increases":[194],"C-type":[195],"Lectin":[196],"receptors":[197],"CD36,":[199],"LTB4":[200],"metabolism":[201],"pathway.":[202],"Our":[203],"findings":[204],"show":[205],"bactericidal":[207],"activity":[208],"S.":[210],"significantly":[213],"increased":[214],"isolated":[217],"from":[218],"supplemented":[220],"versus":[223],"PBS.":[224],"Altogether,":[225],"our":[226],"results":[227],"suggest":[228],"E.":[233],"tested":[235],"strengthens":[236],"immunity":[238],"invading":[240],"pathogens":[241],"while":[242],"limiting":[243],"process.":[246],"Publication":[247],"History":[248],"Article":[249],"published":[250],"online:":[251],"13":[252],"December":[253],"2021":[254],"\u00a9":[255],"2021.":[256],"Thieme.":[257],"All":[258],"rights":[259],"reserved.":[260],"Georg":[261],"Thieme":[262],"Verlag":[263],"R\u00fcdigerstra\u00dfe":[264],"14,":[265],"70469":[266],"Stuttgart,":[267],"Germany":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}