{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200426472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","title":"404. COVID-19 Normality Rate: Criteria for Optimal Time to Return to In-person Learning","display_name":"404. COVID-19 Normality Rate: Criteria for Optimal Time to Return to In-person Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200426472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/8/Supplement_1/S303/41526001/ofab466.605.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735126445","display_name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"2328-8957","issn":["2328-8957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/8/Supplement_1/S303/41526001/ofab466.605.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006218377","display_name":"Carlos Ernesto Ferreira Starling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-6962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-6962"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Starling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sociedade Mineira de Infectologia - SMI, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sociedade Mineira de Infectologia - SMI, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018363833","display_name":"Jackson Machado\u2010Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-9951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-9951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163880","display_name":"Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte","ror":"https://ror.org/05k5nmp03","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163880"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackson Machado-Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Comit\u00ea de Enfrentamento \u00e0 COVID-19, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte - PBH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comit\u00ea de Enfrentamento \u00e0 COVID-19, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte - PBH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004640565","display_name":"Una\u00ed Tupinamb\u00e1s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-3870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-3870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Una\u00ed Tupinamb\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001059848","display_name":"Estev\u00e3o Urbano Silva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088808","display_name":"Hospital Madre Teresa","ror":"https://ror.org/003hjp881","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088808"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estev\u00e3o Urbano Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088808"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012248063","display_name":"Br\u00e1ulio Roberto Gon\u00e7alves Marinho Couto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5314-5161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5314-5161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018999404","display_name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Belo Horizonte","ror":"https://ror.org/04m3xd186","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018999404"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Br\u00e1ulio R G M Couto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Belo Horizonte - UniBH, Belo Horzonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Belo Horizonte - UniBH, Belo Horzonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018999404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3465,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3465},"apc_paid":{"value":3465,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3465},"fwci":0.1776,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44990882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"Supplement_1","first_page":"S303","last_page":"S304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13084","display_name":"Education during COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13032","display_name":"COVID-19 Prevention and Impact","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-reopening","display_name":"school reopening","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-person-learning","display_name":"in-person learning","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-closures","display_name":"school closures","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-decision-making","display_name":"school decision-making","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-disruption","display_name":"educational disruption","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazilian-cities","display_name":"Brazilian cities","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic-risk-assessment","display_name":"pandemic risk assessment","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.8945972919464111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5734332799911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85031952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3026029","display_name":"Normality test","level":3,"score":0.5301585793495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5043994188308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49990200996398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.48477476835250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.47982144355773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4431706666946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3610578179359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.32919561862945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10814774036407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09164825081825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/8/Supplement_1/S303/41526001/ofab466.605.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735126445","display_name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"2328-8957","issn":["2328-8957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8644210","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8644210/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Forum Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.605","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/8/Supplement_1/S303/41526001/ofab466.605.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735126445","display_name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"2328-8957","issn":["2328-8957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46810001134872437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200426472.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200426472.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3182592254","https://openalex.org/W4211038220","https://openalex.org/W3150608560","https://openalex.org/W3173894283","https://openalex.org/W4200438278","https://openalex.org/W4220983915","https://openalex.org/W4210754546","https://openalex.org/W3049566053","https://openalex.org/W7215207067","https://openalex.org/W3154713953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"The":[2,113,166,427],"COVID-19":[3,86,114,226,246,319,333,373,384,400,428],"pandemic":[4,109],"created":[5],"the":[6,18,21,41,98,104,108,178,193,203,205,209,225,307,327,332,412,425],"most":[7],"severe":[8],"global":[9],"education":[10],"disruption":[11],"in":[12,27,73,110,123,143,199,220,341,360,376,379],"history.":[13],"According":[14],"to":[15,63,136,158,182,201,224,286,301,306,325,365,406,417,447,449],"UNESCO,":[16],"at":[17,230],"peak":[19],"of":[20,34,40,107,131,140,156,180,192,356,369,411],"crisis":[22],"over":[23],"1.6":[24],"billion":[25],"learners":[26],"more":[28],"than":[29,250],"190":[30],"countries":[31],"were":[32],"out":[33],"school.":[35],"After":[36],"one":[37,315],"year,":[38],"half":[39],"world\u2019s":[42],"student":[43,308,328],"population":[44,309],"is":[45,61,82,94,118,134,208,415,431],"still":[46],"affected":[47],"by":[48,96,120],"full":[49],"or":[50,58],"partial":[51],"school":[52,70],"closures.":[53],"Here":[54],"we":[55,234],"investigated":[56],"whether":[57],"not":[59],"it":[60,414],"possible":[62],"build":[64],"a":[65,85,111,125,128,137,144,221,432,442],"multivariate":[66,435],"score":[67,92,130,436],"for":[68,101,168,189,215,268,444],"dynamic":[69],"decision-making":[71],"specially":[72],"scenarios":[74],"without":[75],"population-scale":[76],"RT-PCR":[77],"tests.":[78],"Methods":[79],"Normality":[80,115,227,374,385,429],"rate":[81,248,260,278,298,321,335],"based":[83,176],"on":[84,177],"risk":[87,99,194],"matrix":[88,195],"(Table":[89,184],"1).":[90],"Total":[91],"(TS)":[93],"obtained":[95,119],"summing":[97],"scores":[100,198],"COVID-19,":[102],"considering":[103],"six":[105,148],"parameters":[106],"city.":[112],"Rate":[116,375,386,430],"(CNR)":[117],"linear":[121],"interpolation":[122],"such":[124],"way":[126],"that":[127,437],"total":[129,149],"30":[132],"points":[133,150],"equivalent":[135],"100%":[138],"possibility":[139],"normality":[141,183,247,259,277,297,320,334],"and,":[142],"city":[145,222,316],"with":[146,245,258,276,296,317],"only":[147,267],"would":[151],"have":[152],"zero":[153],"percent":[154],"chance":[155],"returning":[157],"normality:":[159],"CNR":[160],"=":[161],"(TS":[162],"\u2013":[163],"6)/24":[164],"(%).":[165],"criteria":[167,443],"opening":[169,216],"and":[170,196,217,263,271,281,291,313,338,347,389,397],"closing":[171,218],"schools":[172,219,253],"can":[173,438],"be":[174,439],"defined":[175],"percentages":[179],"return":[181,448],"2).":[185,350],"Table":[186,212],"1.":[187,372],"Limits":[188],"each":[190],"parameter":[191],"\"normality\"":[197],"relation":[200],"COVID-19:":[202],"lower":[204],"risk,":[206],"higher":[207],"\u201cnormality\u201d":[210],"score.":[211],"2.":[213,383],"Criteria":[214],"according":[223],"Rate.":[228],"Results":[229],"June":[231],"3rd,":[232,353],"2021,":[233,340,354],"evaluated":[235],"all":[236,326],"5,570":[237,377],"Brazilian":[238],"cities":[239,243,256,294,378],"(Figure":[240,349],"1):":[241],"2,708":[242],"(49%)":[244],"less":[249],"50%":[251,262],"(full":[252],"closure),":[254],"2,223":[255],"(40%)":[257],"between":[261,279,299,336,387],"70%":[264],"(in-person":[265,283,303,322],"learning":[266,284,304,323,451],"5":[269],"years":[270,290],"8":[272],"months-old":[273],"children),":[274],"583":[275,293],"71%":[280],"80%":[282],"extended":[285,305,324],"children":[287],"age":[288,310],"12":[289],"less),":[292],"(1%)":[295],"81%":[300],"90%":[302],"18":[311],"years),":[312],"just":[314],"92%":[318],"population).":[329],"We":[330],"calculated":[331],"January":[337,388],"May,":[339,390],"four":[342],"countries:":[343],"Brazil,":[344,380,394],"USA,":[345,395],"UK,":[346,396],"Italy":[348],"At":[351],"Jun,":[352],"percentage":[355],"people":[357,420],"fully":[358,409],"vaccinated":[359],"Brazil":[361],"varied":[362],"from":[363,424],"0%":[364],"69%,":[366],"an":[367],"average":[368],"11%.":[370],"Figure":[371,382],"Jun/03/2021.":[381],"2021:":[391],"comparison":[392],"among":[393],"Italy.":[398],"Conclusion":[399],"vaccination":[401,410],"programs":[402],"take":[403],"several":[404],"months":[405],"implement.":[407],"Besides":[408],"population,":[413],"important":[416],"check":[418,434],"if":[419],"became":[421],"really":[422],"safe":[423],"virus.":[426],"double":[433],"used":[440],"as":[441],"optimal":[445],"time":[446],"in-person":[450],"safely.":[452],"Disclosures":[453],"All":[454],"Authors:":[455],"No":[456],"reported":[457],"disclosures":[458]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
