{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200425272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","title":"Association of Body Mass Index with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Among Ambulatory Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study.","display_name":"Association of Body Mass Index with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Among Ambulatory Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study.","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200425272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1140954/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1140954/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030977984","display_name":"Boniface Amanee Elias Lumori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8697-8979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8697-8979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boniface Amanee Elias Lumori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073654923","display_name":"Edwin Nuwagira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-9504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-9504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Nuwagira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063891418","display_name":"Fardous Charles Abeya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fardous Charles Abeya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047095603","display_name":"Abdirahman Ali Araye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdirahman Ali Araye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022266272","display_name":"Godfrey Masette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-0659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-0659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Godfrey Masete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076694100","display_name":"Charles Kiiza Mondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-7219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-7219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles K. Mondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Makerere University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Makerere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006871053","display_name":"Samson Okello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-6094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-6094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samson Okello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011692109","display_name":"Conrad K. Muzoora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-5198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-5198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrad Muzoora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073763892","display_name":"Anthony Muyingo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Muyingo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of science and Technology Mbarara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/left-ventricular-diastolic-dysfunction","display_name":"left ventricular diastolic dysfunction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echocardiographic-screening","display_name":"echocardiographic screening","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-uganda","display_name":"rural Uganda","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors-for-heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure risk","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8865765333175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.7737066745758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6810203194618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119060515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916617","display_name":"Interquartile range","level":2,"score":0.6777588129043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6623318791389465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6111440062522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777538456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311213","display_name":"Glycated hemoglobin","level":4,"score":0.5871665477752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5607730150222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5021660327911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.45155370235443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776002628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628627","display_name":"Left ventricular hypertrophy","level":3,"score":0.4153318405151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.176460862159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.153447687625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.14154621958732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1140954/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1140954/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1140954/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200425272.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200425272.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972513972","https://openalex.org/W1987981915","https://openalex.org/W2020512380","https://openalex.org/W2029930292","https://openalex.org/W2040282971","https://openalex.org/W2041579230","https://openalex.org/W2064328585","https://openalex.org/W2129217134","https://openalex.org/W2140125389","https://openalex.org/W2140335269","https://openalex.org/W2279683975","https://openalex.org/W2395141539","https://openalex.org/W2408158467","https://openalex.org/W2408477806","https://openalex.org/W2463043637","https://openalex.org/W2829000523","https://openalex.org/W2903261498","https://openalex.org/W4249774886","https://openalex.org/W4381156728","https://openalex.org/W6818245489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283167007","https://openalex.org/W4410798666","https://openalex.org/W2792604001","https://openalex.org/W4297095632","https://openalex.org/W3090460588","https://openalex.org/W2054192249","https://openalex.org/W2381821506","https://openalex.org/W2055600956","https://openalex.org/W4368275811","https://openalex.org/W4285746137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background:":[1],"Left":[2],"ventricular":[3],"diastolic":[4,183],"dysfunction":[5],"(LVDD)":[6],"is":[7,17],"a":[8,18,49],"recognized":[9],"complication":[10],"of":[11,30,52,69,131,163,207,221],"diabetes":[12,44,59,164,237],"mellitus":[13,60],"which":[14],"precedes":[15],"and":[16,32,82,96,118,135,146,160,178,205,232],"risk":[19],"factor":[20],"for":[21,61,236],"heart":[22],"failure.":[23],"We":[24,47,77,229],"aimed":[25],"to":[26,102,128],"determine":[27,103],"the":[28,67,107,226],"prevalence":[29,220],"LVDD":[31,104,173,222],"its":[33],"association":[34],"with":[35,43,58,138,217,239],"body":[36,84,132,241],"mass":[37,85,133,242],"index":[38,134],"(BMI)":[39],"in":[40],"ambulatory":[41,54],"adults":[42,56],"mellitus.":[45],"Methods:":[46],"conducted":[48],"cross-sectional":[50],"study":[51,227],"195":[53,142],"Ugandan":[55],"living":[57],"at":[62,71,176],"least":[63],"five":[64],"years":[65,159],"from":[66],"time":[68],"diagnosis":[70,165],"Mbarara":[72],"Regional":[73],"Referral":[74],"Hospital":[75],"(MRRH).":[76],"collected":[78],"demographic,":[79],"clinical":[80],"data":[81],"measured":[83],"index.":[86,123,243],"Laboratory":[87],"tests":[88],"included":[89],"glycated":[90],"hemoglobin":[91],"(HbA1c),":[92],"low-density":[93],"lipoprotein":[94],"(LDL),":[95],"urine":[97],"microalbumin.":[98],"Echocardiography":[99],"was":[100,126,153,166,174,223],"done":[101],"by":[105],"assessing":[106],"mitral":[108],"inflow":[109],"E/A":[110],"ratio,":[111,113],"E/\u00e8":[112],"TR":[114],"jet":[115],"peak":[116],"velocity,":[117],"left":[119],"atrium":[120],"maximum":[121],"volume":[122],"Logistic":[124],"regression":[125],"used":[127],"establish":[129],"associations":[130],"other":[136],"covariates":[137],"LVDD.":[139],"Results:":[140],"Overall,":[141],"participants":[143],"were":[144,148,215],"enrolled":[145],"141(72.3%)":[147],"females.":[149],"The":[150,219],"mean":[151],"age":[152,196],"62":[154],"[standard":[155],"deviation":[156],"(SD),":[157],"11.5]":[158],"median":[161],"duration":[162],"10":[167],"[Interquartile":[168],"range":[169],"(IQR),":[170],"7,15]":[171],"years.":[172],"prevalent":[175],"86%":[177],"majority,":[179],"127(65.13%)":[180],"had":[181],"grade-1":[182],"dysfunction.":[184],"BMI":[185],"\u226525kg/m2":[186],"[adjusted":[187],"Odds":[188],"Ratio":[189],"(aOR)=2.8,":[190],"(95%":[191,211],"confidence":[192],"interval":[193],"(CI)=1-7.6),":[194],"p=0.038],":[195],"50":[197],"year":[198],"or":[199],"more":[200],"[aOR=":[201,209],"4.9,":[202],"(95%CI=1.5-16.2),":[203],"p=0.010],":[204],"history":[206],"hypertension":[208],"3.0,":[210],"CI=":[212],"1.1-8.1),":[213],"p=0.031]":[214],"associated":[216],"LVDD.Conclusion:":[218],"high":[224,240],"during":[225],"period.":[228],"recommend":[230],"early":[231],"periodic":[233],"echocardiographic":[234],"screening":[235],"patients":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}