{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200419618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","title":"Combinatorial mRNA vaccination enhances protection against SARS-CoV-2 delta variant","display_name":"Combinatorial mRNA vaccination enhances protection against SARS-CoV-2 delta variant","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200419618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.08.471664"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/12/09/2021.12.08.471664.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/12/09/2021.12.08.471664.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063330977","display_name":"Renee L. Hajnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-518X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-518X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renee L. Hajnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010708909","display_name":"Jessica A. Plante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-7458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-7458","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-2321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica A. Plante","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071728921","display_name":"Yuejin Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-1847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-1847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuejin Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071107934","display_name":"Mohamad\u2010Gabriel Alameh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-6930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-6930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104","Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 1910"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 1910","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102769626","display_name":"Jinyi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3593-4324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3593-4324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905","Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 90"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 90","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074072250","display_name":"Chaojie Zhong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojie Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028736329","display_name":"Awadalkareem Adam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awadalkareem Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044367437","display_name":"Dionna Scharton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-3922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-3922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dionna Scharton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108737687","display_name":"Grace H. Rafael","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace H. Rafael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355804","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4290-9170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4290-9170","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-3718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085438350","display_name":"Nicholas C. Hazell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas C. Hazell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046764208","display_name":"Jiaren Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-4437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-4437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaren Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020114169","display_name":"Lynn Soong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3370-3434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3370-3434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynn Soong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057764651","display_name":"Pei\u2010Yong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-1616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-1616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Yong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428388","display_name":"Tian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1511-0793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1511-0793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012619853","display_name":"Jie Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-4511","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-4511","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-0560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 90"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 90","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068253145","display_name":"Drew Weissman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-6510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-6510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew Weissman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104","Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 1910"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 1910","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013244749","display_name":"Scott C. Weaver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-8556","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-8556"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott C. Weaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010610081","display_name":"Kenneth S. Plante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-3167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-3167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth S. Plante","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090012017","display_name":"Haitao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-2314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-2314","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2147-8038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010610081","https://openalex.org/A5090012017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-variant","display_name":"Delta variant","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleocapsid-protein","display_name":"nucleocapsid protein","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-protein","display_name":"spike protein","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-vaccines","display_name":"COVID-19 vaccines","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-response","display_name":"T cell response","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutralizing-antibodies","display_name":"neutralizing antibodies","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-respiratory-tract-infection","display_name":"upper respiratory tract infection","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-viral-load","display_name":"lung viral load","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamster-model","display_name":"hamster model","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variants-of-concern","display_name":"variants of concern","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.7176905870437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.6705246567726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6382746696472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.595976710319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779261636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7003054","display_name":"Neutralizing antibody","level":3,"score":0.5362280011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779644171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13400765","display_name":"Respiratory tract","level":3,"score":0.49598369002342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778575167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6573","display_name":"Hamster","level":2,"score":0.4889122545719147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.48493602871894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.46820762753486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.42126116156578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.41464120149612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.3350072205066681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.28439295291900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.25848352909088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.22041833400726318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0810052752494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/12/09/2021.12.08.471664.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.08.471664","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/12/09/2021.12.08.471664.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2354155276","display_name":"World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA)","funder_award_id":"R24AI120942","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2525360548","display_name":"Regulation of Ebola virus replication by the host ubiquitin system","funder_award_id":"R01AI134907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2701190842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI145617","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309422","funder_display_name":"John S. Dunn Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4383131955","display_name":"In vitro and in vivo analysis of susceptibility of Ad26 vector-induced CD4 T cells to HIV/SIV","funder_award_id":"R21AI147903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5132291675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HHSN272201600013C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5546329050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI134907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313505","funder_display_name":"Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5907520552","display_name":"Pellino-1, a novel target for treatment of congenital Zika syndrome","funder_award_id":"R21AI140569","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7262964771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HHSN272201600013C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318822","funder_display_name":"Sealy and Smith Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7583056273","display_name":"Revolutionary Eilat-based Chikungunya Vaccine Vector","funder_award_id":"R01AI127744","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000162387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI145617","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000915570","display_name":"Modulation of BRD4 to epigenetically suppress HIV","funder_award_id":"R01AI157852","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G928250390","display_name":"UTMB Clinical and Translational Science Award","funder_award_id":"UL1TR001439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306272","display_name":"Amon G. Carter Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00xege567"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309422","display_name":"John S. Dunn Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03yhprz62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313505","display_name":"Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05r5zfp34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318822","display_name":"Sealy and Smith Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02npqsx42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200419618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200419618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81209440","https://openalex.org/W1971932781","https://openalex.org/W1972318559","https://openalex.org/W1996610945","https://openalex.org/W2029397995","https://openalex.org/W2106885643","https://openalex.org/W2157002733","https://openalex.org/W2915388137","https://openalex.org/W3001897055","https://openalex.org/W3004280078","https://openalex.org/W3011488280","https://openalex.org/W3022917947","https://openalex.org/W3025110834","https://openalex.org/W3025521550","https://openalex.org/W3027204812","https://openalex.org/W3035051352","https://openalex.org/W3036887118","https://openalex.org/W3037923073","https://openalex.org/W3042183476","https://openalex.org/W3045578670","https://openalex.org/W3045648994","https://openalex.org/W3045734160","https://openalex.org/W3046061621","https://openalex.org/W3047091198","https://openalex.org/W3048799641","https://openalex.org/W3049654234","https://openalex.org/W3081892744","https://openalex.org/W3082438395","https://openalex.org/W3087924281","https://openalex.org/W3093038587","https://openalex.org/W3093768302","https://openalex.org/W3108252585","https://openalex.org/W3108610942","https://openalex.org/W3111255098","https://openalex.org/W3113734454","https://openalex.org/W3121008609","https://openalex.org/W3123664835","https://openalex.org/W3123733204","https://openalex.org/W3126657865","https://openalex.org/W3127401064","https://openalex.org/W3127836986","https://openalex.org/W3131995220","https://openalex.org/W3133277826","https://openalex.org/W3133540742","https://openalex.org/W3134749657","https://openalex.org/W3137469790","https://openalex.org/W3139533040","https://openalex.org/W3142246475","https://openalex.org/W3172812363","https://openalex.org/W3184226105","https://openalex.org/W3187192250","https://openalex.org/W3195904257","https://openalex.org/W3200511289","https://openalex.org/W3210018682","https://openalex.org/W3210921815","https://openalex.org/W4289345223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295709321","https://openalex.org/W4402238503","https://openalex.org/W4220675880","https://openalex.org/W4308153474","https://openalex.org/W4396926478","https://openalex.org/W4399301852","https://openalex.org/W4220918900","https://openalex.org/W4390100433","https://openalex.org/W4377825742","https://openalex.org/W4382400692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Emergence":[1],"of":[2,5,58,109,143,168,203,217,223],"SARS-CoV-2":[3,59,90,189],"variants":[4],"concern":[6],"(VOC),":[7],"including":[8],"the":[9,24,38,69,89,110,114,128,144,149,157,185,200,206,215],"highly":[10],"transmissible":[11],"delta":[12,91,111,145,190],"strain,":[13],"has":[14],"posed":[15],"challenges":[16],"to":[17,51,84,94,122],"current":[18],"COVID-19":[19],"vaccines":[20],"that":[21,36,46,78,102,166,199],"principally":[22],"target":[23],"viral":[25,41,119],"spike":[26],"protein":[27],"(S).":[28],"Here,":[29],"we":[30,76,100],"report":[31],"a":[32,53,97],"nucleoside-modified":[33],"mRNA":[34,73,80,194],"vaccine":[35,74],"expresses":[37],"more":[39,140],"conserved":[40],"nucleoprotein":[42],"(mRNA-N).":[43],"We":[44],"show":[45],"mRNA-N":[47,67],"alone":[48,105],"was":[49,132],"able":[50],"induce":[52],"modest":[54],"but":[55],"significant":[56,107],"control":[57,108,142],"in":[60,113,118,127,148,156,205],"mice":[61],"and":[62,178,208,225],"hamsters.":[63],"Critically,":[64],"by":[65,192],"combining":[66],"with":[68],"clinically":[70],"approved":[71],"S-expressing":[72],"(mRNA-S-2P),":[75],"found":[77],"combinatorial":[79,135,193],"vaccination":[81,137],"(mRNA-S+N)":[82],"led":[83],"markedly":[85,139],"enhanced":[86,186],"protection":[87,187,204],"against":[88,188],"variant":[92,146],"compared":[93,121],"mRNA-S.":[95],"In":[96],"hamster":[98],"model,":[99],"demonstrated":[101],"while":[103],"mRNA-S":[104],"elicited":[106],"strain":[112,191],"lungs":[115,150,207],"(\u223c45-fold":[116],"reduction":[117],"loads":[120],"un-vaccinated":[123],"control),":[124],"its":[125],"effectiveness":[126],"upper":[129,158,209],"respiratory":[130,159,210],"tract":[131,160,211],"weak,":[133],"whereas":[134],"mRNA-S+N":[136],"induced":[138],"robust":[141],"infection":[147,224],"(\u223c450-fold":[151],"reduction)":[152],"as":[153,155,171,173,220,222],"well":[154,172,221],"(\u223c20-fold":[161],"reduction).":[162],"Immune":[163],"analyses":[164],"indicated":[165],"induction":[167],"N-specific":[169],"immunity":[170],"augmented":[174],"S-specific":[175],"T-cell":[176],"response":[177],"neutralizing":[179],"antibody":[180],"activity":[181],"were":[182],"collectively":[183],"associated":[184],"vaccination.":[195],"These":[196],"findings":[197],"suggest":[198],"combined":[201],"effects":[202],"could":[212],"both":[213],"reduce":[214],"risk":[216],"severe":[218],"disease":[219],"transmission.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
