{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200344012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000002317","title":"Civilian Ballistic Femoral Shaft Fractures Compared With Blunt Femur Shaft Fractures","display_name":"Civilian Ballistic Femoral Shaft Fractures Compared With Blunt Femur Shaft Fractures","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200344012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000002317","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35727003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000002317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000002317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000002317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65618785","display_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","issn_l":"0890-5339","issn":["0890-5339","1531-2291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023425532","display_name":"David A. Patch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-7126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-7126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Patch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060241236","display_name":"Eli B. Levitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-5653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-5653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eli B. Levitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","Department of Translational Medicine, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medicine, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015785541","display_name":"Nicholas A. Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-6806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-6806","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6042-5698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas A. Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075092263","display_name":"Alex R. Heatherly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex R. Heatherly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086703994","display_name":"Henry V. Bonner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry V. Bonner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070052459","display_name":"Jared R. Halstrom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jared R. Halstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009406807","display_name":"Jared B. Watson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jared B. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022349797","display_name":"Clay Alexander Spitler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-1830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-1830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clay A. Spitler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4395,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81484959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"7","first_page":"355","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12117","display_name":"Muscle and Compartmental Disorders","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femoral-shaft-fracture","display_name":"femoral shaft fracture","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intramedullary-nailing","display_name":"intramedullary nailing","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-complications","display_name":"fracture complications","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-tissue-reconstruction","display_name":"soft tissue reconstruction","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-related-infection","display_name":"fracture-related infection","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonunion","display_name":"nonunion","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implant-failure","display_name":"implant failure","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-severity-score","display_name":"Injury Severity Score","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-charges","display_name":"hospital charges","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9215936660766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92162645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655955","display_name":"Intramedullary rod","level":2,"score":0.6812241673469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779330695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049641","display_name":"Nonunion","level":2,"score":0.6790415048599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018712777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17081678","display_name":"Femoral shaft","level":3,"score":0.6519802808761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.6393693685531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105698618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886371","display_name":"Blunt","level":2,"score":0.6221295595169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176503","display_name":"Femur","level":2,"score":0.6140057444572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777521253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770709","display_name":"Blunt trauma","level":2,"score":0.5707748532295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129757","display_name":"Thigh","level":2,"score":0.42761027812957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780012534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4350503","display_name":"Femoral fracture","level":3,"score":0.41501230001449585}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003161","descriptor_name":"Compartment Syndromes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005594","descriptor_name":"Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005597","descriptor_name":"Fractures, Open","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000002317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000002317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000002317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65618785","display_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","issn_l":"0890-5339","issn":["0890-5339","1531-2291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35727003","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35727003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of orthopaedic trauma","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151534398","https://openalex.org/W641871520","https://openalex.org/W1965701217","https://openalex.org/W1999510847","https://openalex.org/W2010030646","https://openalex.org/W2033899216","https://openalex.org/W2057741918","https://openalex.org/W2080581495","https://openalex.org/W2084979840","https://openalex.org/W2087139847","https://openalex.org/W2114607754","https://openalex.org/W2154111887","https://openalex.org/W2161915845","https://openalex.org/W2167645947","https://openalex.org/W2201785016","https://openalex.org/W2286857253","https://openalex.org/W2316224845","https://openalex.org/W2399628398","https://openalex.org/W2412073543","https://openalex.org/W2413061576","https://openalex.org/W2807320913","https://openalex.org/W2969300673","https://openalex.org/W2991239956","https://openalex.org/W3173874281","https://openalex.org/W4248421002","https://openalex.org/W4252174241","https://openalex.org/W6606183034","https://openalex.org/W6830177851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3094197349","https://openalex.org/W4412493934","https://openalex.org/W7213988135","https://openalex.org/W4297256817","https://openalex.org/W7167511272","https://openalex.org/W4306178915","https://openalex.org/W4412153605","https://openalex.org/W7155360191","https://openalex.org/W4210246074","https://openalex.org/W4404395205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"ballistic":[3,24,54,106,149,230,256],"femoral":[4,14,25,63,97,113,200,212,231],"shaft":[5,15,26,64,98,114,201,232],"fracture":[6,196],"outcomes":[7,31],"in":[8,127,157,229,254],"comparison":[9,109],"with":[10,53,122,153,162,207,259],"closed":[11,57,140,165,209,262],"and":[12,50,89,108,120,142,182,239],"open":[13,34,61,146,211],"fractures":[16,27,99,107,115,141,202],"sustained":[17,116],"by":[18,117],"blunt":[19,33,56,60,118,139,145,164,195,208,261],"mechanisms.":[20],"We":[21],"hypothesized":[22],"that":[23],"would":[28],"have":[29],"similar":[30],"to":[32,70],"fractures.":[35,65,147,213,233],"DESIGN:":[36],"Retrospective":[37],"cohort":[38],"study.":[39],"SETTING:":[40],"Academic":[41],"Level":[42,268],"I":[43],"trauma":[44],"center.":[45],"PARTICIPANTS:":[46],"Patients":[47],"16":[48],"years":[49],"older":[51],"presenting":[52],"(140),":[55],"(317),":[58],"or":[59,210],"(71)":[62],"MAIN":[66],"OUTCOMES:":[67],"Unplanned":[68],"return":[69],"operating":[71],"room,":[72],"fracture-related":[73],"infection,":[74],"soft":[75,185],"tissue":[76,186],"reconstruction,":[77],"nonunion,":[78],"implant":[79],"failure,":[80],"length":[81],"of":[82,95,104,111,134,175,193,217,222,237,278,280],"stay,":[83],"Injury":[84],"Severity":[85],"Scores,":[86],"hospital":[87],"charges,":[88],"compartment":[90,177,224],"syndrome.":[91],"RESULTS:":[92],"A":[93,102,214],"total":[94],"528":[96],"were":[100,125,138,144,241],"identified.":[101],"group":[103,150,166,257],"140":[105],"groups":[110],"all":[112,244],"mechanisms":[119],"treated":[121],"intramedullary":[123],"nailing":[124],"included":[126],"the":[128,131,163,194,220,247,255,260],"analysis.":[129],"Among":[130],"2":[132],"subgroups":[133],"nonballistic":[135],"injuries,":[136],"317":[137],"71":[143],"The":[148,234],"was":[151,251],"associated":[152],"a":[154,172,275],"3-fold":[155],"increase":[156],"overall":[158,235],"complications":[159],"(30%)":[160],"compared":[161,258],"(10%,":[167],"P":[168],"<":[169,180,189],"0.001),":[170,181],"had":[171],"higher":[173,253],"occurrence":[174],"thigh":[176,223],"syndrome":[178,225],"(P":[179,188],"required":[183],"more":[184],"reconstruction":[187],"0.001)":[190],"than":[191],"either":[192],"groups.":[197],"CONCLUSIONS:":[198],"Ballistic":[199],"do":[203],"not":[204],"perfectly":[205],"fit":[206],"high":[215],"index":[216],"suspicion":[218],"for":[219,272,274],"development":[221],"should":[226],"be":[227],"maintained":[228],"rates":[236],"nonunion":[238],"infection":[240],"comparable":[242],"between":[243],"groups,":[245],"but":[246],"all-cause":[248],"complication":[249],"rate":[250],"significantly":[252],"group.":[263],"LEVEL":[264],"OF":[265],"EVIDENCE:":[266],"Prognostic":[267],"III.":[269],"See":[270],"Instructions":[271],"Authors":[273],"complete":[276],"description":[277],"levels":[279],"evidence.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}