{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200322843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10224","title":"Dietary Incorporation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis Mixture (DiPro Aqua) Ameliorates Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Morphology in Rainbow Trout","display_name":"Dietary Incorporation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis Mixture (DiPro Aqua) Ameliorates Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Morphology in Rainbow Trout","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200322843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/naaq.10224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199435188","display_name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","issn_l":"1522-2055","issn":["1522-2055","1548-8454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070881446","display_name":"Morvarid Naraghi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morvarid Naraghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072618393","display_name":"Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-853X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-853X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-3437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-853X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005362630","display_name":"Hamed Manouchehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-8958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-8958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573191","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Babol","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwbq328","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573191"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Manouchehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aquaculture Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aquaculture Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072618393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46594144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"1","first_page":"116","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.01489999983459711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-subtilis","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-licheniformis","display_name":"Bacillus licheniformis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainbow-trout","display_name":"rainbow trout","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-response","display_name":"immune response","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-morphology","display_name":"intestinal morphology","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-immunoglobulins","display_name":"serum immunoglobulins","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemolytic-complement-activity","display_name":"hemolytic complement activity","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yersinia-ruckeri","display_name":"Yersinia ruckeri","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-feed","display_name":"fish feed","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7792171835899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780255968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816730","display_name":"Probiotic","level":3,"score":0.7007033824920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994167347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187986","display_name":"Rainbow trout","level":3,"score":0.6440854072570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776527165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878356","display_name":"Bacillus licheniformis","level":4,"score":0.6391357779502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.6387485861778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777312293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3649349","display_name":"Mucus","level":2,"score":0.6176103949546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5700494647026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5568444132804871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777633584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16993573","display_name":"Yersinia ruckeri","level":4,"score":0.48878976702690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777272437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131238","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","level":3,"score":0.4718256890773773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.44642212986946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4461890459060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66090201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15995009","display_name":"Crypt","level":2,"score":0.4391426742076874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.42978668212890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.2863143980503082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.22884008288383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.22495821118354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.1807411015033722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.15261542797088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.10128870606422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09808149933815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/naaq.10224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199435188","display_name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","issn_l":"1522-2055","issn":["1522-2055","1548-8454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W818481309","https://openalex.org/W1585383084","https://openalex.org/W1704456421","https://openalex.org/W1894255355","https://openalex.org/W1915674162","https://openalex.org/W1965186395","https://openalex.org/W1972720823","https://openalex.org/W1979694100","https://openalex.org/W1989684408","https://openalex.org/W1996878469","https://openalex.org/W2002706411","https://openalex.org/W2004567921","https://openalex.org/W2016717371","https://openalex.org/W2037024306","https://openalex.org/W2037814129","https://openalex.org/W2052619733","https://openalex.org/W2068379376","https://openalex.org/W2078664576","https://openalex.org/W2080685611","https://openalex.org/W2080733338","https://openalex.org/W2083142839","https://openalex.org/W2087068738","https://openalex.org/W2091366683","https://openalex.org/W2105886857","https://openalex.org/W2112066146","https://openalex.org/W2118426737","https://openalex.org/W2124638873","https://openalex.org/W2137989869","https://openalex.org/W2138173662","https://openalex.org/W2138767124","https://openalex.org/W2150226609","https://openalex.org/W2156437980","https://openalex.org/W2194245503","https://openalex.org/W2238733472","https://openalex.org/W2321552484","https://openalex.org/W2417842958","https://openalex.org/W2540232486","https://openalex.org/W2558149015","https://openalex.org/W2581630856","https://openalex.org/W2587274438","https://openalex.org/W2748223054","https://openalex.org/W2755137388","https://openalex.org/W2760068661","https://openalex.org/W2772918042","https://openalex.org/W2782082358","https://openalex.org/W2794316826","https://openalex.org/W2805668865","https://openalex.org/W2887590863","https://openalex.org/W2887898816","https://openalex.org/W2896627574","https://openalex.org/W2897065628","https://openalex.org/W2980963357","https://openalex.org/W2995126944","https://openalex.org/W2996144466","https://openalex.org/W2996819970","https://openalex.org/W2997461930","https://openalex.org/W2999150714","https://openalex.org/W2999705714","https://openalex.org/W3016472882","https://openalex.org/W3021330056","https://openalex.org/W3035264037","https://openalex.org/W3083148213","https://openalex.org/W3092188903","https://openalex.org/W3100572782","https://openalex.org/W3107470585","https://openalex.org/W3127355502","https://openalex.org/W3136219576","https://openalex.org/W3193643554","https://openalex.org/W3197457048","https://openalex.org/W4244747000","https://openalex.org/W6700622037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399739831","https://openalex.org/W2398825929","https://openalex.org/W2118426737","https://openalex.org/W2321552484","https://openalex.org/W2050387627","https://openalex.org/W7163995406","https://openalex.org/W4410629060","https://openalex.org/W2295190457","https://openalex.org/W2132429338","https://openalex.org/W7034101034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,90,120,157,207],"current":[2],"study":[3],"was":[4,114,164,201,257],"designed":[5],"to":[6,145,170,175,231,246],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,32,102,109,117,124,139,149,171,176,180,193,198,204,211,218,227,234,239],"role":[9],"of":[10,18,39,46,64,179,189,210,243],"a":[11],"commercial":[12],"probiotic":[13,212],"containing":[14],"equal":[15],"proportions":[16],"(1:1)":[17],"Bacillus":[19],"subtilis":[20],"and":[21,36,57,95,104,128,141,151,197,223,251],"B.":[22],"licheniformis":[23],"spores":[24],"(1.6":[25],"\u00d7":[26,74,79,84,259],"1012":[27],"CFU/kg;":[28,69,76,81],"DiPro":[29,65,190,244],"Aqua)":[30],"on":[31,263],"growth,":[33],"immune":[34],"response,":[35],"intestinal":[37,252],"morphology":[38,253],"Rainbow":[40,48,255],"Trout":[41,49,256],"Oncorhynchus":[42],"mykiss.":[43],"A":[44],"total":[45,126,129],"168":[47],"fry":[50],"were":[51,58,99,132,137],"randomly":[52],"divided":[53],"into":[54],"four":[55],"groups":[56],"fed":[59,138],"diets":[60,143,153],"with":[61],"different":[62],"doses":[63],"Aqua":[66,191,245],"(control:":[67],"0":[68],"treatment":[70],"1":[71],"[T1]:":[72],"8":[73],"108":[75,80,85,260],"T2:":[77],"16":[78],"T3:":[82],"24":[83],"CFU/kg)":[86],"for":[87],"56":[88],"d.":[89],"highest":[91,110,158],"body":[92],"weight":[93],"gain":[94],"specific":[96],"growth":[97,248],"rate":[98],"obtained":[100],"in":[101,116,134,166,203,215,233,254],"T2":[103,140,167,205],"T3":[105,142],"groups.":[106,173],"In":[107,237],"addition,":[108],"feed":[111],"conversion":[112],"ratio":[113],"measured":[115,165],"control":[118,152,235],"group.":[119,206,236],"results":[121],"showed":[122],"that":[123,136,147],"serum":[125],"immunoglobulins":[127],"protein":[130],"content":[131],"increased":[133,217],"fish":[135,168],"compared":[144,169,230],"those":[146,232],"received":[148],"T1":[150],"(P":[154],"<":[155],"0.05).":[156],"alternative":[159],"complement":[160],"pathway":[161],"hemolytic":[162],"activity":[163,178,196],"other":[172],"According":[174],"antibacterial":[177],"skin":[181],"mucus":[182,194],"samples":[183],"against":[184],"Yersinia":[185],"ruckeri,":[186],"dietary":[187,208,241],"levels":[188,209],"improved":[192],"bactericidal":[195],"maximum":[199],"effect":[200],"recorded":[202],"mixture,":[213],"especially":[214],"T2,":[216],"villus":[219,221],"length,":[220],"width,":[222],"crypt":[224],"depth":[225],"within":[226],"distal":[228],"intestine":[229],"conclusion,":[238],"optimal":[240],"dose":[242],"boost":[247],"performance,":[249],"immunity,":[250],"2.0":[258],"CFU/kg":[261],"based":[262],"polynomial":[264],"regression":[265],"analysis.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}