{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200307281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122500","title":"Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Enhanced Growth, Yield, and Silybin Content While Mitigating Salt-Induced Adverse Effects on the Growth of Silybum marianum","display_name":"Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Enhanced Growth, Yield, and Silybin Content While Mitigating Salt-Induced Adverse Effects on the Growth of Silybum marianum","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200307281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy11122500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122500","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2500/pdf?version=1640084506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2500/pdf?version=1640084506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045639492","display_name":"Yun\u2010Kiam Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-2012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-2012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Kiam Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, AlAhsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-2012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, AlAhsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087073273","display_name":"Fadia El Sherif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-3395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-3395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadia El-Sherif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, AlAhsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, AlAhsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021175348","display_name":"Eman S. Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-3283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-3283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman S. Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071057362","display_name":"Salah Khattab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-8577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-8577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salah Khattab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, AlAhsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, AlAhsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045639492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1944},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1944},"fwci":4.0675,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94466417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"2500","last_page":"2500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.8022000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.8022000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12689","display_name":"Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning","score":0.08370000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.042100001126527786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moringa-oleifera-leaf-extract","display_name":"moringa leaf extract","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milk-thistle","display_name":"Silybum marianum","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silibinin","display_name":"silibinin","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonolignans","display_name":"flavonolignans","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-stress","display_name":"salt stress","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abiotic-stress-mitigation","display_name":"abiotic stress mitigation","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-promoters","display_name":"plant growth promoters","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-application","display_name":"foliar application","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chalcone-synthase","display_name":"chalcone synthase","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plant-yield","display_name":"medicinal plant yield","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193798","display_name":"Silybum marianum","level":2,"score":0.9835015535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.7199146747589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132215390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461335","display_name":"Abiotic component","level":2,"score":0.5507444739341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310468","display_name":"Moringa","level":2,"score":0.5025050640106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4749072790145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.47280803322792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.44024741649627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.374116986989975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3212376832962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy11122500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122500","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2500/pdf?version=1640084506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf26b49a5c20403eb8171faf5d6ec1f6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf26b49a5c20403eb8171faf5d6ec1f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy, Vol 11, Iss 12, p 2500 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy11122500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122500","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2500/pdf?version=1640084506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1987080989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"170108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331156","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200307281.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200307281.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1011240009","https://openalex.org/W1981142493","https://openalex.org/W1986452732","https://openalex.org/W2000210591","https://openalex.org/W2000995678","https://openalex.org/W2027416838","https://openalex.org/W2066244659","https://openalex.org/W2087542869","https://openalex.org/W2104007258","https://openalex.org/W2107277218","https://openalex.org/W2133716522","https://openalex.org/W2138032440","https://openalex.org/W2149905507","https://openalex.org/W2155569764","https://openalex.org/W2256762337","https://openalex.org/W2257960707","https://openalex.org/W2418661645","https://openalex.org/W2461510700","https://openalex.org/W2466982694","https://openalex.org/W2490226696","https://openalex.org/W2604595266","https://openalex.org/W2800629161","https://openalex.org/W2889695557","https://openalex.org/W2897806256","https://openalex.org/W2951834478","https://openalex.org/W2964026085","https://openalex.org/W2968908291","https://openalex.org/W2972831314","https://openalex.org/W2972941716","https://openalex.org/W2989488960","https://openalex.org/W2995447942","https://openalex.org/W2995508142","https://openalex.org/W3010798294","https://openalex.org/W3038868750","https://openalex.org/W3043049497","https://openalex.org/W3082959159","https://openalex.org/W3154166877","https://openalex.org/W3157510358","https://openalex.org/W3191477989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4303943944","https://openalex.org/W3122193201","https://openalex.org/W7163900483","https://openalex.org/W3216343916","https://openalex.org/W2738862593","https://openalex.org/W2027416838","https://openalex.org/W4402444797","https://openalex.org/W7220904863","https://openalex.org/W3207721020","https://openalex.org/W4389502338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Silybin":[0],"A":[1],"and":[2,36,85,93,98,104,157,236],"B":[3],"are":[4],"two":[5],"major":[6],"hepatoprotective":[7],"flavonolignans":[8],"produced":[9],"predominantly":[10],"in":[11,163,223,243],"Silybum":[12],"marianum":[13,64,109,129,165],"fruits.":[14],"Similar":[15],"to":[16,61,127,169,181,191],"other":[17,174],"plant":[18,34,54,201],"secondary":[19],"metabolites,":[20],"silybin":[21,46,105,158,210,224],"production":[22,47],"is":[23],"enhanced":[24],"by":[25,50,228],"biotic":[26],"or":[27,119,138,142],"abiotic":[28,69],"stresses":[29],"under":[30,67],"the":[31,62,82,89,101,154,173,185,193,200,221,229,232,244],"expanse":[32],"of":[33,96,107,116,187,199,231,246],"growth":[35,55,202],"yield.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"study,":[40],"a":[41,52,76],"novel":[42],"strategy":[43],"for":[44,176],"enhancing":[45],"was":[48,73,122,189,226],"investigated":[49],"applying":[51],"natural":[53],"enhancer,":[56],"moringa":[57],"leaf":[58],"extract":[59],"(MLE),":[60],"S.":[63,108,128,164],"plants":[65,166,177],"cultivated":[66],"salinity":[68,80,97,170],"stress.":[70,171],"The":[71,91,112,215],"experiment":[72],"conducted":[74],"using":[75],"split-plot":[77],"design":[78],"with":[79,134],"as":[81,88,124],"main":[83],"factor":[84],"MLE":[86,99,113,151,188],"concentrations":[87,115],"sub-factor.":[90],"individual":[92],"combined":[94],"effects":[95,196],"on":[100,197],"growth,":[102,155],"yield,":[103,156],"content":[106,162],"were":[110,132,179],"recorded.":[111],"at":[114],"5":[117],"g/L":[118,121,150],"10":[120,149],"applied":[123],"foliar":[125],"spray":[126],"plants,":[130],"which":[131,239],"irrigated":[133],"either":[135],"tap":[136],"water":[137],"saline":[139],"(2000":[140],"ppm":[141,183],"4000":[143,182],"ppm).":[144],"Our":[145],"results":[146],"revealed":[147],"that":[148,178,220],"effectively":[152],"enhances":[153],"(A":[159,211],"+":[160,212],"B)":[161,213],"not":[167,206],"exposed":[168,180],"On":[172],"hand,":[175],"salinity,":[184],"application":[186],"able":[190],"alleviate":[192],"salinity-induced":[194],"adverse":[195],"some":[198],"parameters":[203],"but":[204],"did":[205],"significantly":[207],"increase":[208,222],"their":[209],"compositions.":[214],"current":[216],"study":[217],"also":[218],"indicated":[219],"contents":[225],"accompanied":[227],"upregulation":[230],"chalcone":[233],"synthase":[234],"1":[235],"3":[237],"genes,":[238],"have":[240],"been":[241],"implicated":[242],"synthesis":[245],"silybin.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
