{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200280950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0073728","title":"Hydrodynamic analysis of fish schools arranged in the vertical plane","display_name":"Hydrodynamic analysis of fish schools arranged in the vertical plane","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200280950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0073728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0073728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0073728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0073728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22862804","display_name":"Physics of Fluids","issn_l":"1070-6631","issn":["1070-6631","1089-7666","1527-2435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics of Fluids","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101953456","display_name":"Xiaohu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-8924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-8924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-8924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101296876","display_name":"Jiayang Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5489-9134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5489-9134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayang Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040735041","display_name":"Zhen Chao Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-319X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-319X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100297808","display_name":"Zhenqiu Yao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenqiu Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101953456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90448003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"12","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11254","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-schools","display_name":"fish schools","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schooling-behavior","display_name":"schooling behavior","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swimming-efficiency","display_name":"swimming efficiency","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channeling-effect","display_name":"channeling effect","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrust","display_name":"thrust","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-field-structure","display_name":"flow field structure","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-flow-simulation","display_name":"three-dimensional flow simulation","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-swimming","display_name":"fish locomotion","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48939323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294879","display_name":"Wake","level":2,"score":0.7902315258979797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.7505186200141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.6656281352043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109661024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027571","display_name":"Vertical plane","level":2,"score":0.6515334844589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.6443617343902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6384543180465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37222873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027571","display_name":"Horizontal plane","level":2,"score":0.6149020195007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59218005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027571","display_name":"Horizontal and vertical","level":2,"score":0.576865553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5323315858840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46957892179489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43282386660575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994321696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Vertical axis","level":2,"score":0.4114200472831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3562226891517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3064115047454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.1863689422607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1795068383216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09622275829315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09236013889312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08534541726112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07647103071212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0073728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0073728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0073728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22862804","display_name":"Physics of Fluids","issn_l":"1070-6631","issn":["1070-6631","1089-7666","1527-2435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics of Fluids","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1043339611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51805512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499631631","https://openalex.org/W1818092000","https://openalex.org/W1911818831","https://openalex.org/W1986841151","https://openalex.org/W1991095879","https://openalex.org/W2004807234","https://openalex.org/W2006798159","https://openalex.org/W2012986840","https://openalex.org/W2033340140","https://openalex.org/W2033410949","https://openalex.org/W2039356577","https://openalex.org/W2041102805","https://openalex.org/W2043512746","https://openalex.org/W2057429564","https://openalex.org/W2095161879","https://openalex.org/W2104983615","https://openalex.org/W2115463247","https://openalex.org/W2120926062","https://openalex.org/W2121826748","https://openalex.org/W2138578406","https://openalex.org/W2142181418","https://openalex.org/W2156997338","https://openalex.org/W2157141028","https://openalex.org/W2157922912","https://openalex.org/W2164634231","https://openalex.org/W2165573482","https://openalex.org/W2167339924","https://openalex.org/W2167654078","https://openalex.org/W2173603776","https://openalex.org/W2266714625","https://openalex.org/W2404611140","https://openalex.org/W2473354612","https://openalex.org/W2483612304","https://openalex.org/W2570399118","https://openalex.org/W2599373710","https://openalex.org/W2746426861","https://openalex.org/W2788166336","https://openalex.org/W2791031485","https://openalex.org/W2792290963","https://openalex.org/W2796219817","https://openalex.org/W2897893453","https://openalex.org/W2902657146","https://openalex.org/W2914292417","https://openalex.org/W2942560237","https://openalex.org/W2949510382","https://openalex.org/W2950974717","https://openalex.org/W2964027982","https://openalex.org/W2970783645","https://openalex.org/W2992436967","https://openalex.org/W2999224801","https://openalex.org/W3000580083","https://openalex.org/W3010004061","https://openalex.org/W3012823733","https://openalex.org/W3015069232","https://openalex.org/W3034584261","https://openalex.org/W3039127119","https://openalex.org/W3096196825","https://openalex.org/W3106409546","https://openalex.org/W3111867573","https://openalex.org/W3119182912","https://openalex.org/W3120429858","https://openalex.org/W3124248623","https://openalex.org/W3126660411","https://openalex.org/W3157948685","https://openalex.org/W3159754081","https://openalex.org/W3161794550","https://openalex.org/W3172030934","https://openalex.org/W3191600434","https://openalex.org/W3200882231","https://openalex.org/W4213040521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074141374","https://openalex.org/W3015484780","https://openalex.org/W2048257092","https://openalex.org/W4309646619","https://openalex.org/W2348999885","https://openalex.org/W1992628467","https://openalex.org/W2050863113","https://openalex.org/W2563455235","https://openalex.org/W2012753537","https://openalex.org/W2085187335"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Schools":[0],"of":[1,43,56,67,111,130,161,169,179],"fish":[2,44,57,100,147,172],"can":[3,60,148,173],"provide":[4],"individuals":[5,68],"with":[6,175],"hydrodynamic":[7,37,82],"advantages,":[8],"thereby":[9,119,183],"improving":[10,190],"the":[11,26,36,62,88,99,108,127,131,141,150,155,159,165,170,176,180,185],"swimming":[12,65,191],"efficiency.":[13,192],"Fish":[14],"schools":[15,45],"in":[16,46,91,113,140],"nature":[17],"are":[18,76],"mostly":[19],"spatial":[20],"configurations,":[21],"not":[22],"just":[23],"limited":[24],"to":[25,79,86,153,158],"horizontal":[27,117],"plane.":[28],"Through":[29],"three-dimensional":[30],"numerical":[31],"simulations,":[32],"this":[33],"paper":[34],"discusses":[35],"characteristics":[38],"and":[39,64,116,134,188],"flow":[40,112],"field":[41],"structure":[42],"various":[47],"vertical":[48,96,115,142],"patterns.":[49],"The":[50,124,145],"results":[51],"show":[52],"that":[53],"a":[54,95],"school":[55,101],"arranged":[58,73],"vertically":[59],"improve":[61],"thrust":[63,156],"efficiency":[66],"as":[69,71],"well":[70],"those":[72],"horizontally.":[74],"There":[75],"two":[77],"ways":[78],"significantly":[80],"enhance":[81],"advantages.":[83],"One":[84],"is":[85,126,138],"maximize":[87],"channeling":[89,132,151],"effect":[90,133,152],"multiple":[92,103],"planes.":[93],"In":[94],"circular":[97],"pattern,":[98],"forms":[102],"coupled":[104],"channels,":[105],"which":[106,137],"hinder":[107],"free":[109],"expansion":[110],"both":[114],"planes,":[118],"obtaining":[120],"higher":[121],"energy-saving":[122],"benefits.":[123],"other":[125],"combined":[128],"exploitation":[129],"wake":[135,186],"energy,":[136],"illustrated":[139],"rectangular":[143],"pattern.":[144],"following":[146,171],"use":[149],"increase":[154],"due":[157],"presence":[160],"parallel":[162],"companion.":[163],"Meanwhile,":[164],"high":[166],"speed":[167],"region":[168],"merge":[174],"jet":[177],"flows":[178],"preceding":[181],"fish,":[182],"capturing":[184],"energy":[187],"further":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
