{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200225523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17801","title":"An Empirical Study of Information Retrieval and Machine Reading Comprehension Algorithms for an Online Education Platform","display_name":"An Empirical Study of Information Retrieval and Machine Reading Comprehension Algorithms for an Online Education Platform","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200225523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5753/stil.2021.17801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17801","pdf_url":"https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/stil/article/download/17801/17635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407105242","display_name":"Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e da Linguagem Humana (STIL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anais do XIII Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e da Linguagem Humana (STIL 2021)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/stil/article/download/17801/17635","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042733938","display_name":"Eduardo Fernandes Montesuma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-4602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-4602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo F. Montesuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["UFC","Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UFC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109579827","display_name":"Lucas C. Carneiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas C. Carneiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["UFC","Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UFC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016458120","display_name":"Adson Roberto Pontes Damasceno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6570-4103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6570-4103","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-4938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102939073","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/00sec1m50","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adson R. P. Damasceno","raw_affiliation_strings":["UECE","State University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UECE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044138903","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Victor F. T. de Sampaio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Victor F. T. de Sampaio","raw_affiliation_strings":["UFC","Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UFC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089205455","display_name":"Romulo F. F\u00e9rrer Filho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-4867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-4867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romulo F. F\u00e9rrer Filho","raw_affiliation_strings":["UFC","Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UFC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102884034","display_name":"Paulo Henrique M. Maia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6683-6869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6683-6869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102939073","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/00sec1m50","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Henrique M. Maia","raw_affiliation_strings":["UECE","State University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UECE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034124381","display_name":"Francisco Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3389-3143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3389-3143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102939073","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/00sec1m50","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco C. M. B. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["UECE","State University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UECE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza -CE -Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102939073"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2069,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47055364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"217","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.6675000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.6675000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.2964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"information retrieval","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-reading-comprehension","display_name":"machine reading comprehension","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning-platforms","display_name":"online learning platforms","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-question-answering","display_name":"student question answering","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-courses","display_name":"technology courses","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-retrieval","display_name":"document retrieval","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tf-idf","display_name":"TF-IDF","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roberta","display_name":"RoBERTa","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-tuning","display_name":"fine-tuning","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8159645795822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6518726944923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6248800754547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6220699548721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5872495770454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5838821530342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.5792151689529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5651536583900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.5589322447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5242376923561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.43419700860977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3598690629005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5753/stil.2021.17801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17801","pdf_url":"https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/stil/article/download/17801/17635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407105242","display_name":"Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e da Linguagem Humana (STIL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anais do XIII Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e da Linguagem Humana (STIL 2021)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5753/stil.2021.17801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17801","pdf_url":"https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/stil/article/download/17801/17635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407105242","display_name":"Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e da Linguagem Humana (STIL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anais do XIII Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e da Linguagem Humana (STIL 2021)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200225523.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200225523.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W658020064","https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W1585768746","https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1846406155","https://openalex.org/W2081375222","https://openalex.org/W2140080791","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2170872814","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2270070752","https://openalex.org/W2747424680","https://openalex.org/W2799054028","https://openalex.org/W2886441967","https://openalex.org/W2890508220","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2975059944","https://openalex.org/W2996035354","https://openalex.org/W3005940741","https://openalex.org/W3045295485","https://openalex.org/W4231026971","https://openalex.org/W6718053083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949847757","https://openalex.org/W4213459054","https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W4387492047","https://openalex.org/W2902725986","https://openalex.org/W3035960482","https://openalex.org/W2769768709","https://openalex.org/W2998723452","https://openalex.org/W4388692680","https://openalex.org/W2057824915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"an":[3,20],"empirical":[4],"study":[5],"of":[6,19,45],"various":[7],"techniques":[8],"for":[9,60,68],"information":[10],"retrieval":[11],"and":[12,49,63,71],"machine":[13],"reading":[14,69],"comprehension":[15],"in":[16],"the":[17,75],"context":[18],"online":[21],"education":[22],"platform.":[23],"More":[24],"specifically,":[25],"our":[26],"application":[27],"deals":[28],"with":[29,78,96],"answering":[30,72],"conceptual":[31],"students":[32],"questions":[33,73],"on":[34,102],"technology":[35],"courses.":[36],"To":[37],"that":[38,55],"end":[39],"we":[40],"explore":[41],"a":[42,46,50,85,92],"pipeline":[43],"consisting":[44],"document":[47,51,58],"retriever":[48],"reader.":[52],"We":[53],"find":[54],"using":[56],"TF-IDF":[57],"representations":[59],"retrieving":[61],"documents":[62,70],"RoBERTa":[64],"deep":[65,88],"learning":[66,89],"model":[67],"yields":[74],"best":[76],"performance":[77,94],"respect":[79],"to":[80,98],"F-Score.":[81],"In":[82],"overall,":[83],"without":[84],"fine-tuning":[86],"step,":[87],"models":[90],"have":[91],"significant":[93],"gap":[95],"comparison":[97],"previously":[99],"reported":[100],"F-scores":[101],"other":[103],"datasets.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}