{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200224649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","title":"Alteration in the Efficacy of in Vitro Vancomycin and Ceftazidime Prepared in Normal Saline Versus Balanced Salt Solution in the Management of Ocular Infections","display_name":"Alteration in the Efficacy of in Vitro Vancomycin and Ceftazidime Prepared in Normal Saline Versus Balanced Salt Solution in the Management of Ocular Infections","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200224649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206555","display_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","issn_l":"2231-2919","issn":["2231-2919","2456-9119"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055957556","display_name":"Hussain Ahmad Khaqan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-833X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-833X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799885502","display_name":"Lahore General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3e5069","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139324","display_name":"Post Graduate Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03b982x90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Ahmad Khaqan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502","https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112987920","display_name":"Laraib Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-4783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-4783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799885502","display_name":"Lahore General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3e5069","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139324","display_name":"Post Graduate Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03b982x90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laraib Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502","https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086601227","display_name":"Sabah Eric","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256173","display_name":"Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (SIOVS)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vq6aj50","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256173"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabah Eric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001066653","display_name":"Hasnain Muhammad Buksh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8622-2100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8622-2100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799885502","display_name":"Lahore General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3e5069","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139324","display_name":"Post Graduate Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03b982x90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasnain Muhammad Buksh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502","https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091508185","display_name":"Raheela Naz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2714-5125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2714-5125"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799885502","display_name":"Lahore General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3e5069","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139324","display_name":"Post Graduate Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03b982x90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raheela Naz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502","https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016844566","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-6298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-6298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799885502","display_name":"Lahore General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3e5069","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139324","display_name":"Post Graduate Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03b982x90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502","https://openalex.org/I4210139324"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"53A","first_page":"326","last_page":"331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11036","display_name":"Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vancomycin","display_name":"vancomycin","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceftazidime","display_name":"ceftazidime","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-infection","display_name":"ocular infection","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-saline","display_name":"normal saline","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balanced-salt-solution","display_name":"balanced salt solution","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-precipitation","display_name":"drug precipitation","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-stability","display_name":"drug stability","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmic-formulations","display_name":"ophthalmic preparations","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776968632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808845","display_name":"Ceftazidime","level":4,"score":0.9636182188987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777397205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275792","display_name":"Saline","level":2,"score":0.8238896131515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778980435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424027","display_name":"Vancomycin","level":4,"score":0.8003110885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6539785265922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778996431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4849997","display_name":"Balanced salt solution","level":2,"score":0.5436758995056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993921965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275792","display_name":"Salt solution","level":3,"score":0.5087175965309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.47478124499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.407151997089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.40249624848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37756308913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.26026296615600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11589547991752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11254751682281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07262444496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.06535977125167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777637488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31856","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206555","display_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","issn_l":"2231-2919","issn":["2231-2919","2456-9119"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05269391v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05269391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021, 33 (53A), pp.326-331","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206555","display_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","issn_l":"2231-2919","issn":["2231-2919","2456-9119"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W128666233","https://openalex.org/W2087059325","https://openalex.org/W1990237885","https://openalex.org/W3129545135","https://openalex.org/W2079254946","https://openalex.org/W2015763073","https://openalex.org/W2090219542","https://openalex.org/W1997862314","https://openalex.org/W4386516728","https://openalex.org/W2166607676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"The":[1],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,12,26,106,113,179,219,222],"this":[4,215],"review":[5,42],"article":[6],"is":[7],"to":[8,153,163,181,195,214],"highlight":[9],"the":[10,24,104,107,111,159,220],"efficacy":[11],"Vancomycin":[13,197,202],"and":[14,34,49,58,69,81,116,226],"Ceftazidime":[15,85,130,147,169],"formulated":[16],"in":[17,23,134,144,149,158,165,171,190,206,235],"different":[18],"solutions":[19],"for":[20,62],"ocular":[21],"use":[22],"management":[25],"microbiological":[27],"Ocular":[28],"infections":[29],"varies.":[30],"Methodology:":[31],"To":[32,66],"locate":[33],"assess":[35],"all":[36],"relevant":[37],"literature,":[38],"we":[39,76],"employed":[40],"systematic":[41],"as":[43],"a":[44],"search":[45],"approach,":[46],"utilizing":[47],"punctilious":[48],"unambiguous":[50],"methodologies.":[51],"We":[52],"initiated":[53],"by":[54],"stipulating":[55],"key":[56],"terms":[57],"selecting":[59],"appropriate":[60],"databases":[61],"your":[63],"literature":[64],"search.":[65],"find":[67],"replicable":[68],"reportable":[70],"publications":[71],"from":[72,175],"high-quality":[73],"peer-reviewed":[74],"journals,":[75],"used":[77],"Google":[78],"Scholar,":[79],"PubMed,":[80],"Research":[82],"Gate.":[83],"Results:":[84],"precipitated":[86,121,152,228],"at":[87,93],"37":[88],"degree":[89],"Celsius,":[90],"but":[91],"not":[92,99,204],"room":[94],"temperature,":[95],"however":[96],"it":[97,120,227,232],"did":[98,203],"show":[100],"any":[101],"effect":[102],"on":[103,122],"pH":[105],"medium.":[108],"In":[109],"both":[110],"media":[112],"Normal":[114,140,150,172,207,241],"Saline":[115,151,173,208],"Balanced":[117,135,166,191,210,236],"Salt":[118,136,167,192,211,237],"Solution,":[119,212],"its":[123],"own":[124],"or":[125,209],"when":[126],"coupled":[127],"with":[128],"vancomycin.":[129],"was":[131,199,233],"initially":[132],"prepared":[133,148,189],"Solution":[137,193,238],"rather":[138,239],"than":[139,240],"Saline,":[141],"which":[142],"resulted":[143],"further":[145],"precipitation.":[146],"54%":[154],"after":[155,184],"168":[156],"hours":[157],"dialysis":[160],"chambers,":[161],"compared":[162],"88%":[164],"Solution.":[168],"synthesized":[170],"declined":[174],"an":[176],"initial":[177],"concentration":[178],"137.5":[180],"73.4":[182],"\u00b5g/ml":[183],"48":[185],"hours,":[186],"while":[187],"ceftazidime":[188,224],"decreased":[194],"6.3\u00b5g/ml.":[196],"precipitation":[198],"inappreciable.":[200],"Conclusion:":[201],"precipitate":[205],"according":[213],"systemic":[216],"study.":[217],"Regardless":[218],"presence":[221],"vancomycin,":[223],"precipitated,":[225],"more":[229],"expeditiously":[230],"if":[231],"produced":[234],"Saline.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
