{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200222004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00783","title":"Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review","display_name":"Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200222004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsaelm.1c00783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217399","display_name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","issn_l":"2637-6113","issn":["2637-6113"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042139722","display_name":"Andrew Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-1178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-1178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8031829","display_name":"Cooper Union","ror":"https://ror.org/05pbkcd34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8031829"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York City, New York 10003, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York City, New York 10003, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8031829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087083666","display_name":"Jatis Kumar Dash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100463","display_name":"SRM University, Andhra Pradesh","ror":"https://ror.org/013vs5h31","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jatis Kumar Dash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Guntur 522502, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Guntur 522502, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009322","display_name":"Pawan Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-8269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-8269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pawan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Centre \u00c9nergie Materiaux T\u00e9lecommunications (INRS-EMT), Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-8269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Centre \u00c9nergie Materiaux T\u00e9lecommunications (INRS-EMT), Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081158122","display_name":"Rajkumar Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-141X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-141X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajkumar Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon 21983, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-141X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon 21983, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081158122","https://openalex.org/A5102009322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I39481719"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94749752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"27","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11342","display_name":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11342","display_name":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10321","display_name":"Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-quantum-dots","display_name":"carbon quantum dots","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-doped-carbon-dots","display_name":"nitrogen-doped carbon dots","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene-quantum-dots","display_name":"graphene quantum dots","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminescent-solar-concentrators","display_name":"luminescent solar concentrators","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dye-sensitized-solar-cells","display_name":"dye-sensitized solar cells","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-solar-cells","display_name":"organic solar cells","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perovskite-solar-cells","display_name":"perovskite solar cells","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hole-transport-layer","display_name":"hole transport layer","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-transport-layer","display_name":"electron transport layer","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoanodes","display_name":"photoanodes","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"power conversion efficiency","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-recombination","display_name":"electron recombination","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorophores","display_name":"fluorophores","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7453663349151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7106414437294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124657808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133068","display_name":"Quantum dot","level":2,"score":0.6573601365089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.647112250328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58842153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3664274","display_name":"Hybrid solar cell","level":4,"score":0.5889500975608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.5569333434104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5503119230270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.5468125939369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.49715664982795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155011858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036449","display_name":"Perovskite (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4436837434768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.4389331638813019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66187686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Polymer solar cell","level":3,"score":0.28629687428474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13916373252868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06568363308906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsaelm.1c00783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217399","display_name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","issn_l":"2637-6113","issn":["2637-6113"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9f9778"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":189,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1439148249","https://openalex.org/W1964584707","https://openalex.org/W1981436914","https://openalex.org/W1981812704","https://openalex.org/W1986428881","https://openalex.org/W2000703204","https://openalex.org/W2029534590","https://openalex.org/W2034248381","https://openalex.org/W2038940823","https://openalex.org/W2040499524","https://openalex.org/W2043589052","https://openalex.org/W2043642762","https://openalex.org/W2048385187","https://openalex.org/W2051765038","https://openalex.org/W2062784942","https://openalex.org/W2066304093","https://openalex.org/W2083279368","https://openalex.org/W2083805470","https://openalex.org/W2095028064","https://openalex.org/W2102246676","https://openalex.org/W2110815042","https://openalex.org/W2117083445","https://openalex.org/W2122918392","https://openalex.org/W2128911210","https://openalex.org/W2132691526","https://openalex.org/W2136693699","https://openalex.org/W2139096847","https://openalex.org/W2162947458","https://openalex.org/W2170827627","https://openalex.org/W2180689555","https://openalex.org/W2197556596","https://openalex.org/W2283532508","https://openalex.org/W2286642719","https://openalex.org/W2312729923","https://openalex.org/W2321785165","https://openalex.org/W2325459662","https://openalex.org/W2326800422","https://openalex.org/W2327407642","https://openalex.org/W2330785013","https://openalex.org/W2332806955","https://openalex.org/W2337862907","https://openalex.org/W2509385033","https://openalex.org/W2561386731","https://openalex.org/W2565377305","https://openalex.org/W2567518179","https://openalex.org/W2575823937","https://openalex.org/W2591900169","https://openalex.org/W2605614328","https://openalex.org/W2606794170","https://openalex.org/W2607302844","https://openalex.org/W2613746043","https://openalex.org/W2620020825","https://openalex.org/W2703499230","https://openalex.org/W2727064916","https://openalex.org/W2730258427","https://openalex.org/W2733769432","https://openalex.org/W2738697129","https://openalex.org/W2739552677","https://openalex.org/W2739899484","https://openalex.org/W2742963512","https://openalex.org/W2743636598","https://openalex.org/W2747758631","https://openalex.org/W2753684966","https://openalex.org/W2756038525","https://openalex.org/W2756393041","https://openalex.org/W2766053206","https://openalex.org/W2767103811","https://openalex.org/W2767384438","https://openalex.org/W2767477753","https://openalex.org/W2768218611","https://openalex.org/W2769658915","https://openalex.org/W2770365904","https://openalex.org/W2773320785","https://openalex.org/W2774930296","https://openalex.org/W2782450284","https://openalex.org/W2783322469","https://openalex.org/W2792787764","https://openalex.org/W2800336345","https://openalex.org/W2800712139","https://openalex.org/W2805928474","https://openalex.org/W2808182948","https://openalex.org/W2808338127","https://openalex.org/W2808854102","https://openalex.org/W2883882564","https://openalex.org/W2883910197","https://openalex.org/W2885240574","https://openalex.org/W2887004050","https://openalex.org/W2888363262","https://openalex.org/W2890403537","https://openalex.org/W2892411576","https://openalex.org/W2893849045","https://openalex.org/W2896844419","https://openalex.org/W2899487872","https://openalex.org/W2900399949","https://openalex.org/W2900401005","https://openalex.org/W2901227442","https://openalex.org/W2903948338","https://openalex.org/W2905082225","https://openalex.org/W2905105711","https://openalex.org/W2905535129","https://openalex.org/W2906546224","https://openalex.org/W2912833342","https://openalex.org/W2913466004","https://openalex.org/W2913970360","https://openalex.org/W2914530718","https://openalex.org/W2918762686","https://openalex.org/W2918954160","https://openalex.org/W2921264377","https://openalex.org/W2921601508","https://openalex.org/W2924156812","https://openalex.org/W2925087578","https://openalex.org/W2937009572","https://openalex.org/W2943896557","https://openalex.org/W2944196900","https://openalex.org/W2944498415","https://openalex.org/W2947884761","https://openalex.org/W2948438322","https://openalex.org/W2952223541","https://openalex.org/W2954888236","https://openalex.org/W2957194008","https://openalex.org/W2965223879","https://openalex.org/W2969200749","https://openalex.org/W2969738476","https://openalex.org/W2973224901","https://openalex.org/W2983287546","https://openalex.org/W2983824802","https://openalex.org/W2987129076","https://openalex.org/W2987838812","https://openalex.org/W2991137159","https://openalex.org/W2991273449","https://openalex.org/W2993319946","https://openalex.org/W2993603160","https://openalex.org/W2995369738","https://openalex.org/W2996574112","https://openalex.org/W2997049582","https://openalex.org/W2997802734","https://openalex.org/W2997808360","https://openalex.org/W3000924396","https://openalex.org/W3003450757","https://openalex.org/W3004164851","https://openalex.org/W3005803812","https://openalex.org/W3005896566","https://openalex.org/W3011325180","https://openalex.org/W3014113414","https://openalex.org/W3018070010","https://openalex.org/W3020257810","https://openalex.org/W3022829573","https://openalex.org/W3026783978","https://openalex.org/W3036362356","https://openalex.org/W3037419168","https://openalex.org/W3038914278","https://openalex.org/W3039990931","https://openalex.org/W3042881935","https://openalex.org/W3043020290","https://openalex.org/W3046296651","https://openalex.org/W3048005867","https://openalex.org/W3048602335","https://openalex.org/W3081309528","https://openalex.org/W3083014799","https://openalex.org/W3091000297","https://openalex.org/W3091655724","https://openalex.org/W3093737557","https://openalex.org/W3093915694","https://openalex.org/W3094307139","https://openalex.org/W3094568437","https://openalex.org/W3095190683","https://openalex.org/W3095935957","https://openalex.org/W3096112902","https://openalex.org/W3097039744","https://openalex.org/W3097711888","https://openalex.org/W3106950978","https://openalex.org/W3116070621","https://openalex.org/W3124591962","https://openalex.org/W3126503812","https://openalex.org/W3129077339","https://openalex.org/W3135208432","https://openalex.org/W3158724371","https://openalex.org/W3162216876","https://openalex.org/W3164980283","https://openalex.org/W3170989057","https://openalex.org/W3179279470","https://openalex.org/W3182097489","https://openalex.org/W3182215465","https://openalex.org/W3185559672","https://openalex.org/W3185766624","https://openalex.org/W3187370259","https://openalex.org/W3194916919","https://openalex.org/W3200489240","https://openalex.org/W3204120932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093915694","https://openalex.org/W4318259891","https://openalex.org/W2306994865","https://openalex.org/W2997808360","https://openalex.org/W3130603844","https://openalex.org/W4210825058","https://openalex.org/W4389101469","https://openalex.org/W4416373574","https://openalex.org/W2072527130","https://openalex.org/W4385723081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interest":[0],"in":[1,67,180],"carbon":[2,37],"quantum":[3,38,43],"dots":[4,39,44],"(CQDs)":[5],"has":[6,151],"recently":[7],"boomed":[8],"due":[9,59],"to":[10,13,60,73,95,195],"their":[11,31,61],"potential":[12],"enhance":[14],"the":[15,48,110,146,163,166,170],"performance":[16,49,164],"of":[17,50,89,123,143,165,175],"various":[18,147],"solar":[19,52,125,129,133,148],"technologies":[20],"as":[21,35,106],"nontoxic,":[22],"naturally":[23],"abundant,":[24],"and":[25,30,41,55,76,118,136,158,191],"cleanly":[26],"produced":[27],"nanomaterials.":[28],"CQDs":[29,69,90,101,144,186],"other":[32,137],"variations,":[33],"such":[34],"nitrogen-doped":[36],"(NCQDs)":[40],"graphene":[42],"(GQDs),":[45],"have":[46,77,102],"improved":[47],"luminescent":[51],"concentrators":[53],"(LSCs)":[54],"photovoltaic":[56,176,197],"(PV)":[57],"cells":[58,126,130,134],"excellent":[62],"optical":[63,87],"properties.":[64],"As":[65],"fluorophores":[66],"LSCs,":[68],"are":[70],"mostly":[71],"transparent":[72],"visible":[74],"light":[75],"absorption/re-emission":[78],"spectra":[79],"that":[80],"can":[81],"be":[82],"easily":[83],"controlled.":[84],"The":[85,141],"outstanding":[86],"properties":[88],"make":[91],"them":[92],"promising":[93],"materials":[94],"replace":[96],"expensive,":[97],"heavy-metal-based":[98],"fluorophores.":[99],"Various":[100],"also":[103],"been":[104],"used":[105],"or":[107],"doped":[108],"into":[109,145],"photoanode,":[111],"counter":[112],"electrode,":[113],"hole":[114],"transport":[115,120],"layer":[116,121],"(HTL),":[117],"electron":[119,153,160],"(ETL)":[122],"dye-sensitized":[124],"(DSSCs),":[127],"organic":[128],"(OSC),":[131],"perovskite":[132],"(PSCs),":[135],"PV":[138,167],"cell":[139,149],"configurations.":[140],"addition":[142],"components":[150],"reduced":[152],"recombination,":[154],"increased":[155],"charge":[156],"density,":[157],"boosted":[159],"mobility,":[161],"improving":[162],"cells.":[168],"Enhancing":[169],"power":[171],"conversion":[172],"efficiency":[173],"(PCE)":[174],"devices":[177],"is":[178],"essential":[179],"propagating":[181],"green":[182],"energy":[183],"technology.":[184],"Thus,":[185],"offer":[187],"an":[188],"affordable,":[189],"safe,":[190],"environmentally":[192],"friendly":[193],"method":[194],"advance":[196],"performance.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}