{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200215975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","title":"Interpreting a standardized and normalized measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status for a better understanding of health differences","display_name":"Interpreting a standardized and normalized measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status for a better understanding of health differences","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200215975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34911564","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8672510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","pdf_url":"https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539601","display_name":"Archives of Public Health","issn_l":"0778-7367","issn":["0778-7367","2049-3258"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016618956","display_name":"Masayoshi Oka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-3323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-3323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201389808","display_name":"Josai University","ror":"https://ror.org/021r6aq66","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201389808"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masayoshi Oka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Faculty of Management, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado City, Saitama Prefecture, 350-0295, Japan. moka@alumni.harvard.edu","Department of Management, Faculty of Management, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado City, Saitama Prefecture, 350-0295, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-3323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Faculty of Management, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado City, Saitama Prefecture, 350-0295, Japan. moka@alumni.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201389808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Faculty of Management, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado City, Saitama Prefecture, 350-0295, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201389808"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016618956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201389808"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"fwci":1.5193,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8549848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"1","first_page":"226","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8794000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8794000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.10220000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-socioeconomic-status","display_name":"neighborhood socioeconomic status","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"standardization","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"normalization","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-logistic-regression","display_name":"multilevel logistic regression","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation-of-regression-coefficients","display_name":"interpretation of regression coefficients","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/census-tracts","display_name":"census tracts","score":0.7730000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7045032978057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.5349518060684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5265533924102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5130204558372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119060515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916617","display_name":"Interquartile range","level":2,"score":0.472842276096344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.45756393671035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.44138917326927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4331575036048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41666823625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.37524446845054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.29940077662467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2574654221534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25349974632263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10529100894927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","pdf_url":"https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539601","display_name":"Archives of Public Health","issn_l":"0778-7367","issn":["0778-7367","2049-3258"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8672510","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8672510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arch Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34911564","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34911564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4ee11773a61441c8da429b191b51954","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4ee11773a61441c8da429b191b51954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Public Health, Vol 79, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","pdf_url":"https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13690-021-00750-w","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539601","display_name":"Archives of Public Health","issn_l":"0778-7367","issn":["0778-7367","2049-3258"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200215975.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200215975.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36826027","https://openalex.org/W1486622124","https://openalex.org/W1490781161","https://openalex.org/W1592263067","https://openalex.org/W1609810996","https://openalex.org/W1766901775","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1965855329","https://openalex.org/W1981457167","https://openalex.org/W1987838173","https://openalex.org/W2006782113","https://openalex.org/W2012971421","https://openalex.org/W2013836144","https://openalex.org/W2020088653","https://openalex.org/W2030031047","https://openalex.org/W2030734052","https://openalex.org/W2050491515","https://openalex.org/W2054787086","https://openalex.org/W2058463674","https://openalex.org/W2064799866","https://openalex.org/W2065092657","https://openalex.org/W2069309526","https://openalex.org/W2083526990","https://openalex.org/W2095615036","https://openalex.org/W2097097734","https://openalex.org/W2098547359","https://openalex.org/W2099737847","https://openalex.org/W2103386360","https://openalex.org/W2104401484","https://openalex.org/W2108096958","https://openalex.org/W2110066529","https://openalex.org/W2114291357","https://openalex.org/W2119217392","https://openalex.org/W2124447561","https://openalex.org/W2135691777","https://openalex.org/W2135699330","https://openalex.org/W2141214792","https://openalex.org/W2144759387","https://openalex.org/W2162744183","https://openalex.org/W2169462149","https://openalex.org/W2169560706","https://openalex.org/W2296754172","https://openalex.org/W2401448516","https://openalex.org/W2416254268","https://openalex.org/W2439819314","https://openalex.org/W2890373521","https://openalex.org/W4233110100","https://openalex.org/W4235390605","https://openalex.org/W4245050711","https://openalex.org/W4246737797","https://openalex.org/W4247818158","https://openalex.org/W6680704940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131981140","https://openalex.org/W1966923751","https://openalex.org/W1966461045","https://openalex.org/W4405565959","https://openalex.org/W1995958579","https://openalex.org/W2128780146","https://openalex.org/W7098484623","https://openalex.org/W2913306070","https://openalex.org/W2094264434","https://openalex.org/W2117784915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Standardization":[1],"and":[2,85,119,134,142,160,206,265,281,311],"normalization":[3],"of":[4,13,36,50,80,110,170,196,233,256,284,291,294,314,326,330,335],"continuous":[5],"covariates":[6],"are":[7,24,302],"used":[8,26],"to":[9,40,47,97,153,288,320],"ease":[10],"the":[11,34,51,64,71,155,168,217,231,292,327,333],"interpretation":[12],"regression":[14,52,57,149,277],"coefficients.":[15],"Although":[16],"these":[17,43,191,221,251],"scaling":[18,44],"techniques":[19,45],"serve":[20],"different":[21,48,289,347],"purposes,":[22],"they":[23],"sometimes":[25],"interchangeably":[27],"or":[28,126,184],"confused":[29],"for":[30,76,180,243],"one":[31],"another.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"objective":[35],"this":[37],"study":[38],"is":[39],"demonstrate":[41],"how":[42],"lead":[46,287],"interpretations":[49,290],"coefficient":[53],"in":[54,188,199,209,248,259,268,304,338],"multilevel":[55,147],"logistic":[56,148,276],"analyses.":[58],"METHODS:":[59],"Area-based":[60],"socioeconomic":[61,82],"data":[62,88],"at":[63],"census":[65,104],"tract":[66],"level":[67],"were":[68,113,135,151,224],"obtained":[69],"from":[70],"2015-2019":[72],"American":[73],"Community":[74],"Survey":[75],"creating":[77],"two":[78],"measures":[79,109,223,283,301],"neighborhood":[81,111,158,189,249,285,295,315,336],"status":[83],"(SES),":[84],"a":[86,138,181,185,193,244,253,309,322,339],"hypothetical":[87],"on":[89,165,297],"health":[90,161,173,194,236,254,328],"condition":[91,174,237],"(favorable":[92],"versus":[93],"unfavorable)":[94],"was":[95,175,238],"constructed":[96],"represent":[98],"3000":[99],"individuals":[100,197,257,331],"living":[101,198,208,258,267],"across":[102,346],"300":[103],"tracts":[105],"(i.e.,":[106],"neighborhoods).":[107],"Two":[108],"SES":[112,159,202,212,261,270,286,296,316,337],"standardized":[114,166,222,280,310],"by":[115,121,127,129,226],"subtracting":[116],"its":[117,122,130,227],"mean":[118],"dividing":[120,128],"standard":[123],"deviation":[124],"(SD)":[125],"interquartile":[131],"range":[132,139],"(IQR),":[133],"normalized":[136,229,282,312],"into":[137],"between":[140,157],"0":[141],"1.":[143],"Then,":[144],"four":[145],"separate":[146],"analyses":[150,278],"conducted":[152],"assess":[154],"association":[156],"condition.":[162],"RESULTS:":[163],"Based":[164],"measures,":[167,230],"odds":[169,232],"having":[171,234],"unfavorable":[172,235],"roughly":[176,239],"1.34":[177],"times":[178,241],"higher":[179,242],"one-SD":[182],"change":[183,187,247],"one-IQR":[186],"SES;":[190,250],"reflect":[192,252],"difference":[195,255],"relatively":[200,210],"high":[201],"(relatively":[203,213],"affluent)":[204,263],"neighborhoods":[205,264],"those":[207,266],"low":[211],"deprived)":[214,272],"neighborhoods.":[215,273],"On":[216],"other":[218],"hand,":[219],"when":[220],"replaced":[225],"respective":[228],"3.48":[240],"full":[245],"unit":[246],"highest":[260],"(most":[262,271],"lowest":[269],"CONCLUSION:":[274],"Multilevel":[275],"using":[279],"effect":[293],"health.":[298],"Since":[299],"both":[300],"valuable":[303],"their":[305],"own":[306],"right,":[307],"interpreting":[308],"measure":[313],"will":[317],"allow":[318],"us":[319],"gain":[321],"more":[323],"rounded":[324],"view":[325],"differences":[329],"along":[332],"gradient":[334],"certain":[340],"geographic":[341,348],"location":[342],"as":[343,345],"well":[344],"locations.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
