{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200215734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3139216","title":"Learning Component Size Distributions for Software Cost Estimation: Models Based on Arithmetic and Shifted Geometric Means Rules","display_name":"Learning Component Size Distributions for Software Cost Estimation: Models Based on Arithmetic and Shifted Geometric Means Rules","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200215734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3139216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2021.3139216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3139216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3139216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080297007","display_name":"Shachi Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-3769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-3769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26604189","display_name":"Shiv Nadar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05aqahr97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26604189"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90425906","display_name":"South Asian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kjyst95","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90425906"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shachi Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, South Asian University, 232442 New Delhi, Delhi, India, 110021 (e-mail: shachi@sau.int)","Department of Computer Sci-ence, South Asian University, NewDelhi, 110021 India","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, U.P 201314 India","Professor at School of Business Administration, The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057 United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, South Asian University, 232442 New Delhi, Delhi, India, 110021 (e-mail: shachi@sau.int)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90425906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sci-ence, South Asian University, NewDelhi, 110021 India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90425906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, U.P 201314 India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26604189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor at School of Business Administration, The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021501604","display_name":"Parag C. Pendharkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8120-1995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8120-1995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26604189","display_name":"Shiv Nadar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05aqahr97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26604189"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90425906","display_name":"South Asian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kjyst95","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90425906"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parag C. Pendharkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, United States, 17057 (e-mail: pxp19@psu.edu)","Department of Computer Sci-ence, South Asian University, NewDelhi, 110021 India","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, U.P 201314 India","Professor at School of Business Administration, The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057 United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, United States, 17057 (e-mail: pxp19@psu.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sci-ence, South Asian University, NewDelhi, 110021 India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90425906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, U.P 201314 India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26604189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor at School of Business Administration, The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002650893","display_name":"Karmeshu Karmeshu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26604189","display_name":"Shiv Nadar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05aqahr97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26604189"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karmeshu Karmeshu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, 310513 Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, (e-mail: karmeshu@gmail.com)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, 310513 Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, (e-mail: karmeshu@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26604189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61826664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.5770999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.5770999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.40869998931884766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-cost-estimation","display_name":"software cost estimation","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cocomo","display_name":"COCOMO","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-size-distribution","display_name":"component size distribution","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shannon-entropy-maximization","display_name":"Shannon entropy maximization","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic-mean","display_name":"arithmetic mean","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-law-distribution","display_name":"power-law distribution","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-distribution","display_name":"gamma distribution","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-distribution","display_name":"exponential distribution","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment-restrictions","display_name":"moment constraints","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming-languages","display_name":"object-oriented programming languages","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-programming-languages","display_name":"procedural languages","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-synergy","display_name":"team synergy","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6539135575294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20729856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078279","display_name":"Geometric programming","level":2,"score":0.6311792135238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5280345678329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5172572731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.44299957156181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4212188720703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.36560067534446716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3566678762435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3401978611946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30719056725502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.2471279799938202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21652153134346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11484798789024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2021.3139216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3139216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3139216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsphere.psu.edu:9ebf0251-26d5-4cb0-bc25-7f6e7f94793d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/cbc366c6-a686-4c36-8f32-0eaaa333db87/downloads/19877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401507","display_name":"ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130638595","host_organization_name":"Pangasinan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W320177025","https://openalex.org/W777141897","https://openalex.org/W1507539036","https://openalex.org/W1531154924","https://openalex.org/W1564819898","https://openalex.org/W1710229367","https://openalex.org/W1970656444","https://openalex.org/W1979293491","https://openalex.org/W1979663407","https://openalex.org/W1989681358","https://openalex.org/W1997080026","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2033834012","https://openalex.org/W2036320532","https://openalex.org/W2036671379","https://openalex.org/W2046653912","https://openalex.org/W2049329423","https://openalex.org/W2056052994","https://openalex.org/W2066459581","https://openalex.org/W2067586641","https://openalex.org/W2074315059","https://openalex.org/W2088432998","https://openalex.org/W2093404847","https://openalex.org/W2105632570","https://openalex.org/W2111792336","https://openalex.org/W2127756501","https://openalex.org/W2128666163","https://openalex.org/W2132762162","https://openalex.org/W2134679860","https://openalex.org/W2141337495","https://openalex.org/W2156292929","https://openalex.org/W2156523753","https://openalex.org/W2157103817","https://openalex.org/W2167224107","https://openalex.org/W2170917105","https://openalex.org/W2171903289","https://openalex.org/W2187763325","https://openalex.org/W2208209423","https://openalex.org/W2788742050","https://openalex.org/W2804759158","https://openalex.org/W2893006449","https://openalex.org/W2950627632","https://openalex.org/W2971171995","https://openalex.org/W2991492234","https://openalex.org/W3012507114","https://openalex.org/W3152010751","https://openalex.org/W3162112051","https://openalex.org/W4249046827","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W4298200086","https://openalex.org/W6611119877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200435207","https://openalex.org/W79589210","https://openalex.org/W2008700988","https://openalex.org/W2962693340","https://openalex.org/W2171276446","https://openalex.org/W81478001","https://openalex.org/W1984651676","https://openalex.org/W2084763087","https://openalex.org/W2134824285","https://openalex.org/W7157486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"software":[1,7,41,87,120,174],"size":[2,38,107,128],"distribution":[3,39,108,129,162],"is":[4,49,122,130],"critical":[5],"to":[6,35,132,160,170,178],"cost":[8],"estimation":[9],"using":[10,79],"COCOMO":[11],"model":[12],"and":[13,23,70,145],"design":[14],"of":[15,32,40,52,60,119,142,154,166,173,181],"reliable":[16],"production":[17],"function":[18],"model.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"proposes":[22],"validates":[24],"a":[25],"theoretical":[26],"framework":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29],"the":[30,47,58,126,152,164,179],"maximization":[31],"Shannon":[33],"entropy":[34],"learn":[36],"component":[37,90,106,127],"systems":[42,88,103,137],"when":[43,176],"partial":[44],"information":[45],"about":[46],"moments":[48],"given.":[50],"Specification":[51],"appropriate":[53],"moment":[54],"constraints":[55],"either":[56],"in":[57,104],"form":[59],"shifted":[61,98],"geometric":[62,69,99,146],"mean":[63,66,100],"or":[64,67],"arithmetic":[65,71,115,144],"both":[68,143],"means":[72],"are":[73,77,95,112,138],"considered.":[74],"The":[75,83,148],"models":[76],"validated":[78],"30":[80],"real":[81],"datasets.":[82],"analysis":[84],"reveals":[85],"that":[86,151],"where":[89,125],"sizes":[91],"depict":[92,133],"power-law":[93,161],"behavior":[94,111],"governed":[96],"by":[97,114,140],"whereas":[101],"those":[102],"which":[105],"shows":[109],"exponential":[110],"described":[113],"mean.":[116],"Another":[117],"type":[118],"system":[121],"also":[123],"considered":[124],"found":[131],"gamma":[134],"distribution.":[135],"Such":[136],"characterized":[139],"specification":[141],"means.":[147],"study":[149],"underlines":[150],"use":[153,180],"modern":[155],"object-oriented":[156],"programming":[157,184],"languages":[158],"adheres":[159],"indicating":[163],"existence":[165],"team":[167],"synergies":[168],"leading":[169],"substantial":[171],"containment":[172],"costs":[175],"compared":[177],"traditional":[182],"procedural":[183],"languages.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
