{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200215362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010137","title":"Comparison of TrackMan Data between Professional and Amateur Golfers at Swinging to Uphill and Downhill Fairways","display_name":"Comparison of TrackMan Data between Professional and Amateur Golfers at Swinging to Uphill and Downhill Fairways","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200215362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1875399x02114010137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010137","pdf_url":"https://opensportssciencesjournal.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/137/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57573801","display_name":"The Open Sports Sciences Journal","issn_l":"1875-399X","issn":["1875-399X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Sports Sciences Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://opensportssciencesjournal.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/137/PDF/","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101995064","display_name":"Takeru Suzuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-1035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-1035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181637171","display_name":"Musashino Art University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qdzzb42","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181637171"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeru Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Musashino Art University, Health, Sports and Physical Arts, Kodaira, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Musashino Art University, Health, Sports and Physical Arts, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181637171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John Patrick Sheahan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185423133","display_name":"Yamanashi Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5c8f58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185423133"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Patrick Sheahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sport Science, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Kofu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sport Science, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Kofu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185423133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039958931","display_name":"Taiki Miyazawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-6535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-6535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132514468","display_name":"Shigakkan University","ror":"https://ror.org/036q92x95","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132514468"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiki Miyazawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132514468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Isao Okuda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83642850","display_name":"Tokyo International University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9ekh39","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83642850"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isao Okuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Development and Sport Sciences, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Development and Sport Sciences, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83642850"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083105214","display_name":"Daisuke Ichikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-1689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-1689"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158123994","display_name":"Toyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/059d6yn51","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158123994"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke Ichikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158123994"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083105214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158123994"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2725,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39799689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"137","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12677","display_name":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12677","display_name":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13224","display_name":"Sports and Physical Education Research","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/golf","display_name":"golf","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/club-head-speed","display_name":"club head speed","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-attack","display_name":"angle of attack","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/launch-angle","display_name":"launch angle","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ball-trajectory","display_name":"ball trajectory","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordances","display_name":"affordances","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-constraints","display_name":"environmental constraints","score":0.8169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778044066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455595","display_name":"Amateur","level":2,"score":0.6825079917907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122041747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838611","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6232393980026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3297812","display_name":"Club","level":2,"score":0.45185649394989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.45089203119277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.45076853036880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.4376634359359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34086155891418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32044780254364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29269737005233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2875329256057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2143424153327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18088746070861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13216298818588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09694281220436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/1875399x02114010137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010137","pdf_url":"https://opensportssciencesjournal.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/137/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57573801","display_name":"The Open Sports Sciences Journal","issn_l":"1875-399X","issn":["1875-399X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Sports Sciences Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1875399x02114010137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010137","pdf_url":"https://opensportssciencesjournal.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/137/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57573801","display_name":"The Open Sports Sciences Journal","issn_l":"1875-399X","issn":["1875-399X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Sports Sciences Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1571056173","display_name":"Golf ball trajectory measurement and face control analysis under different slope conditions and field of view.","funder_award_id":"19K11451","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200215362.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200215362.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1775275294","https://openalex.org/W1971252403","https://openalex.org/W2112901737","https://openalex.org/W2141596839","https://openalex.org/W2167600922","https://openalex.org/W2293252541","https://openalex.org/W2746918093","https://openalex.org/W2789530674","https://openalex.org/W2790503207","https://openalex.org/W2796605892","https://openalex.org/W2802572144","https://openalex.org/W2905129632","https://openalex.org/W2943991590","https://openalex.org/W3017925397","https://openalex.org/W3027363562","https://openalex.org/W3033962600","https://openalex.org/W3035100296","https://openalex.org/W3044178878","https://openalex.org/W4239127880","https://openalex.org/W4299627282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139059727","https://openalex.org/W4405939066","https://openalex.org/W4386082848","https://openalex.org/W7220092367","https://openalex.org/W4365510560","https://openalex.org/W2050368717","https://openalex.org/W2134903631","https://openalex.org/W2994756715","https://openalex.org/W4205479310","https://openalex.org/W2885800900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Golfers":[1],"face":[2],"different":[3,204],"environmental":[4,249],"conditions":[5],"in":[6,17,46,70,163,193],"each":[7],"game":[8],"played":[9],"under":[10],"various":[11],"constraints.":[12,250],"Enhancing":[13],"affordances":[14],"through":[15],"training":[16],"a":[18,34,226,243],"constrained":[19],"outdoor":[20],"environment":[21],"is":[22],"crucial.":[23],"Objective:":[24],"To":[25],"analyze":[26],"club":[27,67],"head":[28],"behavior":[29],"at":[30,233],"ball":[31,178,215],"impact":[32],"of":[33,176,184,199,207,237],"tee":[35,92],"shot":[36,93,107],"by":[37,137,143],"42":[38,71],"professional":[39],"(PGs)":[40],"and":[41,50,73,85,109,117,196],"25":[42,74],"amateur":[43],"(AGs)":[44],"golfers":[45],"swinging":[47],"to":[48,64,133,172,211,217,246,248],"uphill":[49,83,135,194],"downhill":[51,86,148,165],"fairway":[52,136,220],"environments":[53],"using":[54],"the":[55,82,96,102,106,110,134,139,147,157,161,164,174,177,181,185,190,200,213,223,229,235,238],"TrackMan":[56,63],"portable":[57],"launch":[58,158],"monitor.":[59],"Methods:":[60],"We":[61],"used":[62],"compare":[65],"golf":[66],"movement":[68],"adaptations":[69],"PGs":[72,124,128,188,241],"AGs.":[75,127],"A":[76],"330-m":[77],"driving":[78],"range":[79],"facing":[80],"both":[81],"(+5\u00b0)":[84],"(-5\u00b0)":[87],"fairways":[88],"were":[89,120,170],"used.":[90],"The":[91,114,150],"area":[94,108],"was":[95,203,232],"only":[97],"flat":[98],"ground":[99,104],"surface,":[100],"with":[101,146,156],"uneven":[103],"between":[105],"200-yard":[111],"fairway.":[112,149,186],"Results:":[113],"clubhead":[115],"speed":[116],"attack":[118,140,151,191],"angle":[119,141,152,159,192],"significantly":[121],"higher":[122],"among":[123,126,160],"than":[125],"could":[129],"adapt":[130,247],"their":[131,197],"swings":[132],"increasing":[138],"(3.6\u00b0\u00b12.4)":[142],"3.3\u00b0":[144],"compared":[145],"did":[153],"not":[154],"correlate":[155],"AGs":[162],"condition,":[166],"suggesting":[167],"that":[168,206],"they":[169],"unable":[171],"control":[173],"height":[175],"based":[179],"on":[180],"far":[182],"side":[183],"Conclusion:":[187],"increased":[189],"conditions,":[195],"awareness":[198],"affordance,":[201],"which":[202],"from":[205],"AGs,":[208],"allowed":[209],"them":[210],"change":[212],"optimal":[214],"trajectory":[216],"avoid":[218],"perceived":[219],"risks.":[221],"Thus,":[222],"more":[224],"skill":[225],"player":[227],"had,":[228],"better":[230,244],"he":[231],"recognizing":[234],"affordance":[236],"visual":[239],"field.":[240],"demonstrated":[242],"ability":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
