{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200212700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","title":"Report of Antibiotic Resistance in Urban and Rural Wastewaters from West Bengal, India","display_name":"Report of Antibiotic Resistance in Urban and Rural Wastewaters from West Bengal, India","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200212700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206555","display_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","issn_l":"2231-2919","issn":["2231-2919","2456-9119"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4200212700"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035320079","display_name":"Meesha Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726862","display_name":"St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)","ror":"https://ror.org/0316y5a96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256019","display_name":"St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/03p0rew30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256019"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meesha Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier\u2019s College, (Autonomous); Kolkata, India","Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, (Autonomous)","Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier\u2019s College, (Autonomous); Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, (Autonomous)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kolkata, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014410487","display_name":"Rupsha Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-1812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-1812"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupsha Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Vivekananda College for Women, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Vivekananda College for Women, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017266613","display_name":"Sayak Ganguli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-7436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-7436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726862","display_name":"St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)","ror":"https://ror.org/0316y5a96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256019","display_name":"St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/03p0rew30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256019"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayak Ganguli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier\u2019s College, (Autonomous); Kolkata, India","Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, (Autonomous)","Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier\u2019s College, (Autonomous); Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, (Autonomous)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726862","https://openalex.org/I4405256019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kolkata, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103254238","display_name":"Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8805-3702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8805-3702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726862","display_name":"St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)","ror":"https://ror.org/0316y5a96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256019","display_name":"St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/03p0rew30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256019"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier\u2019s College, (Autonomous); Kolkata, India","Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, (Autonomous)","Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier\u2019s College, (Autonomous); Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, (Autonomous)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kolkata, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2687747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"53A","first_page":"274","last_page":"285"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater","display_name":"wastewater","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-comparison","display_name":"urban-rural comparison","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistance","display_name":"multidrug resistance","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-lactam-resistance","display_name":"beta-lactam resistance","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrolide-resistance","display_name":"macrolide resistance","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoroquinolone-resistance","display_name":"fluoroquinolone resistance","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbapenem-resistance","display_name":"carbapenem resistance","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-gene-transfer","display_name":"horizontal gene transfer","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-waste","display_name":"medical waste","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sludge","display_name":"sludge","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kolkata","display_name":"Kolkata","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-bengal","display_name":"West Bengal","score":0.9160000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.709022045135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776666601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457855","display_name":"Resistome","level":5,"score":0.6756883263587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.6222163438796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780923616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193045","display_name":"Tetracycline","level":3,"score":0.5515201687812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.4831087589263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.4287773370742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.42306458950042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.40630584955215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3804594874382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25341761112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.14620912075042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.14001747965812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420197","display_name":"Integron","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206555","display_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","issn_l":"2231-2919","issn":["2231-2919","2456-9119"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05269299v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05269299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021, 33 (53A), pp.274-285","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206555","display_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","issn_l":"2231-2919","issn":["2231-2919","2456-9119"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128531761","https://openalex.org/W4413205080","https://openalex.org/W3182314602","https://openalex.org/W4383740714","https://openalex.org/W4400264222","https://openalex.org/W4401662137","https://openalex.org/W1544134589","https://openalex.org/W4200097474","https://openalex.org/W4210424263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aims:":[0],"This":[1,38,267],"study":[2,39,96,268],"aims":[3],"at":[4],"comparative":[5,54],"identification":[6,46],"of":[7,34,47,53,75,106,110,134,249,280],"antibiotic":[8,48,55,77,156],"resistance":[9,56,157,188,204,215,254,281],"patterns":[10,158,279],"in":[11,80,84,99,115,132,189],"bacteria":[12,251],"isolated":[13],"from":[14,17,140,205],"samples":[15,209,257],"collected":[16,131],"rural":[18,87,208],"environment":[19],"(LS)":[20],"and":[21,51,66,86,104,127,152,207,228,234,240,276,282],"urban":[22,85,137,206],"environments":[23,82],"(SS).":[24],"Metagenomic":[25],"profiling":[26],"gave":[27],"us":[28],"insights":[29],"into":[30],"the":[31,35,58,73,100,119,278,285],"microbial":[32],"abundance":[33],"two":[36,59],"samples.":[37,60],"focused":[40],"on":[41],"culture-based":[42],"methods":[43],"for":[44,122,203],"complete":[45],"resistant":[49,78,168,196],"isolates":[50,169],"estimation":[52],"among":[57],"Study":[61],"Design:":[62],"Untreated":[63],"medical":[64,112,138],"waste":[65,68],"anthropogenic":[67],"disposal":[69],"can":[70,269],"lead":[71],"to":[72,198,212,216,220,223,226,232,238,243,271,274,289],"propagation":[74],"different":[76],"strains":[79],"wastewater":[81,129],"both":[83],"set":[88],"ups":[89],"which":[90,194],"provide":[91],"an":[92,190],"insight":[93],"towards":[94,259],"this":[95],"approach":[97],"mentioned":[98],"methodology":[101],"segment.":[102],"Place":[103],"Duration":[105],"Study:":[107],"Sewer":[108],"system":[109],"a":[111,135],"facility":[113,139],"located":[114],"Purulia,":[116],"India":[117],"was":[118,195],"collection":[120],"site":[121],"liquid":[123],"sludge.":[124],"Solid":[125],"sludge":[126],"associated":[128],"were":[130,147,159,170,210],"vicinity":[133],"large":[136],"central":[141],"Kolkata,":[142],"India.":[143],"Methodology:":[144],"Physico-chemical":[145],"properties":[146],"analyzed":[148],"followed":[149,176],"by":[150,161,177],"microbiological":[151],"biochemical":[153],"characterization.":[154],"The":[155,246],"determined":[160],"Kirby-Bauer":[162],"disc":[163],"diffusion":[164],"assay.":[165],"Potent":[166],"multidrug":[167],"identified":[171],"using":[172,180],"16srRNA":[173],"gene":[174,262],"amplification":[175],"Phylogenetic":[178],"profiling,":[179],"CLC":[181],"Genomics":[182],"workbench.":[183],"Results:":[184],"We":[185],"observed":[186],"maximum":[187],"E.":[191],"coli":[192],"isolate":[193],"up":[197],"22":[199],"antibiotics.":[200],"Combined":[201],"data":[202],"found":[211],"exhibit":[213],"83.9%":[214],"beta":[217],"lactams,":[218],"85.7%":[219],"macrolides,":[221],"44.2%":[222],"fluoroquinolones,":[224],"50%":[225],"glycopeptides":[227],"cephalosporins,":[229],"35.7":[230],"%":[231,237,242],"carbapenems":[233],"sulfonamides,":[235],"28.5":[236],"tetracycline,":[239],"23.8":[241],"aminoglycosides.":[244],"Conclusion:":[245],"high":[247],"prevalence":[248],"antibiotic-resistant":[250],"harbouring":[252],"diverse":[253],"traits":[255],"across":[256,264],"indicated":[258],"probable":[260],"horizontal":[261],"transfer":[263],"environmental":[265],"niches.":[266],"prove":[270],"be":[272],"useful":[273],"understand":[275],"map":[277],"stringently":[283],"apply":[284],"counter":[286],"measures":[287],"related":[288],"public":[290],"health":[291],"practices.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
