{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200211173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","title":"The Design and Performance Evaluation of a Wireless Sensor Network Based Irrigation System on Different Soil Types","display_name":"The Design and Performance Evaluation of a Wireless Sensor Network Based Irrigation System on Different Soil Types","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200211173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","pdf_url":"https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/DigitalFoodEnergy_WaterSystems/article/download/627/683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203065","display_name":"Journal of Digital Food Energy & Water Systems","issn_l":"2709-4510","issn":["2709-4510","2709-4529"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315346","host_organization_name":"University of Johannesburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Johannesburg"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Food, Energy & Water Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4200211173"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/DigitalFoodEnergy_WaterSystems/article/download/627/683","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050388926","display_name":"Buhari Ugbede Umar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-1917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-1917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buhari Umar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053414084","display_name":"Eustace  Manayi Dogo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-0180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-0180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eustace Manayi Dogo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043220842","display_name":"Bello Kontagora Nuhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-2468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-2468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bello Kontagora Nuhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019847227","display_name":"Arifa Khatoon Haq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arifa Khatoon Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029469106","display_name":"Paul Tobi Olaleye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Tobi Olaleye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50606125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13420","display_name":"Arduino and IoT Applications","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-irrigation","display_name":"smart irrigation","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"wireless sensor networks","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arduino","display_name":"Arduino","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-monitoring","display_name":"soil moisture monitoring","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blynk","display_name":"Blynk","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-scheduling","display_name":"irrigation scheduling","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-type","display_name":"soil type","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resource-efficiency","display_name":"water resource efficiency","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.7371880412101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6465682983398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5943220257759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136501162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175957","display_name":"Arduino","level":2,"score":0.552939772605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.47523191571235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.46127650141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4569895267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073845","display_name":"Irrigation scheduling","level":3,"score":0.44928717613220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.41569826006889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3930894434452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25081437826156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1503916084766388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12402099370956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0824662446975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","pdf_url":"https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/DigitalFoodEnergy_WaterSystems/article/download/627/683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203065","display_name":"Journal of Digital Food Energy & Water Systems","issn_l":"2709-4510","issn":["2709-4510","2709-4529"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315346","host_organization_name":"University of Johannesburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Johannesburg"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Food, Energy & Water Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b745299271fe45c8b74c6d996df3ae96","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b745299271fe45c8b74c6d996df3ae96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Food, Energy & Water Systems, Vol 2, Iss 2 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36615/digitalfoodenergywatersystems.v2i2.627","pdf_url":"https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/DigitalFoodEnergy_WaterSystems/article/download/627/683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203065","display_name":"Journal of Digital Food Energy & Water Systems","issn_l":"2709-4510","issn":["2709-4510","2709-4529"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315346","host_organization_name":"University of Johannesburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Johannesburg"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Food, Energy & Water Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200211173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200211173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975940050","https://openalex.org/W2003410892","https://openalex.org/W2009911208","https://openalex.org/W2325879942","https://openalex.org/W2406269689","https://openalex.org/W2465433093","https://openalex.org/W2474123386","https://openalex.org/W2508521526","https://openalex.org/W2753766021","https://openalex.org/W2793540389","https://openalex.org/W2805120334","https://openalex.org/W2889028097","https://openalex.org/W2890929560","https://openalex.org/W2902931279","https://openalex.org/W2903070808","https://openalex.org/W2905458477","https://openalex.org/W2922584168","https://openalex.org/W2946120064","https://openalex.org/W2947878980","https://openalex.org/W2954983208","https://openalex.org/W3007447684","https://openalex.org/W3014119209","https://openalex.org/W3020164405","https://openalex.org/W3023751456","https://openalex.org/W3024356729","https://openalex.org/W3157374651","https://openalex.org/W3183403078","https://openalex.org/W4252782609","https://openalex.org/W4381805327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405780361","https://openalex.org/W4383164095","https://openalex.org/W3213450216","https://openalex.org/W4401608488","https://openalex.org/W7220764699","https://openalex.org/W4396863551","https://openalex.org/W2938172524","https://openalex.org/W3179571538","https://openalex.org/W2348060437","https://openalex.org/W2292159162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,24,51,62,81,112,120,137,164,185,210,215,225,238,268,280],"Nigerian":[2],"economy,":[3],"agriculture":[4],"plays":[5],"a":[6,56,66,92,102,131,189],"very":[7],"important":[8],"role,":[9],"and":[10,44,97,116,142,158,170,199,253,261],"most":[11],"of":[12,34,41,47,83,94,114,119,139,163,192,220,227,282],"its":[13],"people":[14],"depend":[15],"on":[16,30,101,172,184],"it":[17,246],"for":[18,86,175,195,202],"their":[19],"livelihood.":[20],"Agricultural":[21],"practices":[22],"in":[23,39,146,188,209,218,275],"country":[25],"are":[26,264],"still":[27],"mainly":[28],"based":[29],"conventional,":[31],"traditional":[32,63],"methods":[33],"farming":[35,60],"which":[36],"usually":[37],"results":[38],"wastage":[40],"water":[42,72,85],"resources":[43],"low":[45],"production":[46],"crops":[48,263],"to":[49,58,65,79,110,135,234],"meet":[50],"country's":[52],"demand.":[53],"There":[54],"is":[55,75,150,243],"need":[57],"transform":[59],"from":[61],"way":[64],"more":[67],"efficient":[68,143],"method":[69],"with":[70],"optimum":[71],"utilization.":[73],"Irrigation":[74,90],"an":[76,125],"assistive":[77],"measure":[78],"salvage":[80],"problem":[82,113,138],"inadequate":[84],"dry":[87],"season":[88],"farming.":[89,147],"consumes":[91],"lot":[93],"water,":[95],"time":[96,144,174,191,221,228],"must":[98],"be":[99],"done":[100],"timely":[103],"basis.":[104],"The":[105,148,161,270],"automated":[106],"irrigation":[107,128,235],"system":[108,129,149,186,216,231,271],"helps":[109],"curb":[111],"overwatering":[115],"under":[117],"watering":[118],"land.":[121],"This":[122,213,250],"research":[123],"proposed":[124],"Arduino-based":[126],"smart":[127],"using":[130,152],"wireless":[132],"sensor":[133],"network":[134,198],"overcome":[136],"overwatering,":[140],"underwatering,":[141],"utilization":[145],"implemented":[151],"Arduino":[153],"IDE,":[154],"Proteus":[155],"Simulation":[156],"Tools,":[157],"Blynk":[159],"Platform.":[160],"effect":[162],"four-mobile":[165],"network:":[166],"MTN,":[167],"GLO,":[168],"Airtel":[169],"9mobile":[171],"response":[173,190],"Gidan-":[176],"Kwano":[177],"area":[178],"was":[179],"evaluated.":[180],"Testing":[181],"carried":[182],"out":[183],"resulted":[187],"0.75":[193],"seconds":[194,201],"Glo":[196,203],"2G":[197],"0.45":[200],"4G":[204],"network.":[205],"Less":[206],"than":[207],"1sec":[208],"worst-case":[211],"scenario.":[212],"makes":[214],"effective":[217],"terms":[219],"response,":[222],"thereby":[223],"eradicate":[224],"waste":[226],"that":[229],"manual":[230],"operation":[232],"poised":[233],"scheduling.":[236],"Also,":[237],"appropriate":[239],"soil":[240],"moisture":[241],"content":[242],"maintained,":[244],"whether":[245],"rains":[247],"or":[248],"not.":[249],"reduces":[251],"excesses":[252],"ensures":[254],"healthy":[255],"plant":[256],"growth,":[257],"increasing":[258],"agricultural":[259,277],"productivity,":[260],"cultivating":[262],"made":[265],"possible":[266],"throughout":[267],"year.":[269],"also":[272],"will":[273],"help":[274],"driving":[276],"innovation":[278],"through":[279],"use":[281],"IoT.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}