{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200119391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","title":"Eigenvector centrality defines hierarchy and predicts graduation in therapeutic community units","display_name":"Eigenvector centrality defines hierarchy and predicts graduation in therapeutic community units","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200119391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34914758","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8675758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261405&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261405&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589219","display_name":"Benjamin W. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-0024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-0024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-0024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055751575","display_name":"Keith Leverett Warren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-1749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-1749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keith Warren","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University College of Social Work, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-1749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University College of Social Work, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050603783","display_name":"Mackenzie Weiler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mackenzie Weiler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108566081","display_name":"George De Leon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George De Leon","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055751575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":{"value":1749,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1749},"apc_paid":{"value":1749,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1749},"fwci":0.3599,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60113813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"e0261405","last_page":"e0261405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-communities","display_name":"therapeutic communities","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvector-centrality","display_name":"eigenvector centrality","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-correction","display_name":"peer correction","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-feedback","display_name":"peer feedback","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction-treatment","display_name":"addiction treatment","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-treatment","display_name":"residential treatment","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis","display_name":"social network analysis","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.8209548592567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.6686049699783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632744","display_name":"Graduation (instrument)","level":2,"score":0.6317965984344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.47031083703041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4655412435531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35399937629699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.289898544549942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28479528427124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2626519501209259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21386116743087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1411258578300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068156","descriptor_name":"Formative Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006608","descriptor_name":"Hierarchy, Social","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010379","descriptor_name":"Peer Group","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013808","descriptor_name":"Therapeutic Community","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016320","descriptor_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment Centers","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016320","descriptor_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment Centers","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060756","descriptor_name":"Social Networking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261405&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8675758","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8675758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34914758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34914758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a498cefccf864644a91ff14685b1c2a2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a498cefccf864644a91ff14685b1c2a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 12, p e0261405 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261405","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261405&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8899999856948853}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5069195122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R-34; DA043079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6476524933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R34DA043079-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7669775485","display_name":"Development of a statistical framework for the analysis of social network predictors of therapeutic community outcomes","funder_award_id":"5r34da043079-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200119391.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200119391.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581043525","https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1982818517","https://openalex.org/W1998789259","https://openalex.org/W2008074613","https://openalex.org/W2018276931","https://openalex.org/W2024128596","https://openalex.org/W2032001569","https://openalex.org/W2041535643","https://openalex.org/W2047160556","https://openalex.org/W2087194317","https://openalex.org/W2088002578","https://openalex.org/W2088425251","https://openalex.org/W2097766512","https://openalex.org/W2102017123","https://openalex.org/W2103514239","https://openalex.org/W2121115245","https://openalex.org/W2147466617","https://openalex.org/W2149775977","https://openalex.org/W2150208547","https://openalex.org/W2171018098","https://openalex.org/W2317292276","https://openalex.org/W2345851611","https://openalex.org/W2346237519","https://openalex.org/W2469591534","https://openalex.org/W2527077375","https://openalex.org/W2579665727","https://openalex.org/W2610375525","https://openalex.org/W2754698197","https://openalex.org/W2774906873","https://openalex.org/W2793158732","https://openalex.org/W2889063496","https://openalex.org/W2915924751","https://openalex.org/W2923354526","https://openalex.org/W2956448821","https://openalex.org/W2965338663","https://openalex.org/W2981206829","https://openalex.org/W2990297836","https://openalex.org/W3030146601","https://openalex.org/W3047930191","https://openalex.org/W3092130710","https://openalex.org/W3127013602","https://openalex.org/W4246088390","https://openalex.org/W4246244038","https://openalex.org/W4293160808","https://openalex.org/W4300375087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126114125","https://openalex.org/W2990297836","https://openalex.org/W1978291927","https://openalex.org/W2898140906","https://openalex.org/W254401967","https://openalex.org/W3092130710","https://openalex.org/W2965039190","https://openalex.org/W1951241772","https://openalex.org/W7095816118","https://openalex.org/W2412013709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Therapeutic":[1],"communities":[2],"(TCs)":[3],"are":[4],"mutual":[5],"aid":[6],"based":[7],"residential":[8],"programs":[9],"for":[10,46,138,186],"the":[11,38,77,93,102,109,119,132,145,160,167,195,205,217,227,241,247,260,272,278,290,311,317,336],"treatment":[12,141,244,251,281],"of":[13,37,54,67,76,104,148,169,183,190,197,243,250,259,280,289],"substance":[14],"abuse":[15],"and":[16,134,201,235,245,267,332],"criminal":[17],"behavior.":[18],"While":[19],"it":[20],"is":[21],"expected":[22],"that":[23,95,114,154,323,333],"residents":[24,60,96,115,155,325],"will":[25],"provide":[26],"feedback":[27,42],"to":[28,71,165,176,255,285],"peers,":[29],"there":[30],"has":[31],"been":[32],"no":[33],"social":[34,329],"network":[35,103,330],"study":[36,48],"hierarchy":[39,120,161,178,228,331,337],"through":[40,327,335],"which":[41,313],"flows.":[43],"METHODS:":[44],"Data":[45],"this":[47,304],"was":[49,87,112,124,151,174,307],"drawn":[50],"from":[51],"clinical":[52],"records":[53],"peer":[55],"corrections":[56,105],"exchanged":[57],"between":[58],"TC":[59,324],"in":[61,101,108,118,140,144,159,204,216,220,226,246,257,271,287,300],"six":[62,261,291],"units":[63,78],"kept":[64],"over":[65,72,121,229,240,277],"periods":[66],"less":[68],"than":[69,310],"two":[70,82],"eight":[73],"years.":[74],"Four":[75],"served":[79,83],"men":[80],"while":[81,293],"women.":[84],"Hierarchy":[85],"position":[86,179],"measured":[88,193],"using":[89,126],"eigenvector":[90,136,214,237,269,294],"centrality,":[91],"on":[92],"assumption":[94],"who":[97,156],"were":[98,106,162,252,282],"more":[99,163,253,283],"central":[100],"lower":[107,213,233,265],"hierarchy.":[110],"It":[111,150],"hypothesized":[113,153],"would":[116],"rise":[117,225],"time.":[122,230],"This":[123],"tested":[125],"Wilcoxon":[127],"paired":[128],"samples":[129],"tests":[130],"comparing":[131],"mean":[133],"maximum":[135,234,266],"centrality":[137,215,238,270,295],"time":[139],"with":[142,232,264],"those":[143,263],"last":[146,218,248,273,305],"month":[147,219,249,274],"treatment.":[149],"also":[152],"rose":[157],"higher":[158],"likely":[164,254,284],"graduate,":[166],"outcome":[168],"primary":[170],"interest.":[171],"Logistic":[172],"regression":[173],"used":[175],"test":[177],"as":[180,192],"a":[181,210,224,328],"predictor":[182],"graduation,":[184],"controlling":[185],"age,":[187],"race,":[188],"risk":[189],"recidivism":[191],"by":[194],"Level":[196],"Services":[198],"Inventory-Revised":[199],"(LSI-R)":[200],"days":[202],"spent":[203],"program.":[206],"RESULTS:":[207],"Residents":[208,231],"averaged":[209],"statistically":[211],"significantly":[212],"all":[221],"units,":[222,262,292],"indicating":[223],"average":[236,268],"both":[239],"length":[242,279],"graduate":[256,286],"four":[258],"but":[275],"not":[276,297],"one":[288,301],"did":[296],"predict":[298],"graduation":[299],"unit.":[302],"However,":[303],"unit":[306],"much":[308],"smaller":[309],"others,":[312],"may":[314],"have":[315],"influenced":[316],"results.":[318],"CONCLUSION:":[319],"These":[320],"results":[321],"suggest":[322],"move":[326],"movement":[334],"predicts":[338],"successful":[339],"graduation.":[340]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}