{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200112965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069","title":"A BiLSTM cardinality estimator in complex database systems based on attention mechanism","display_name":"A BiLSTM cardinality estimator in complex database systems based on attention mechanism","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200112965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cit2.12069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898415742","display_name":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology","issn_l":"2468-2322","issn":["2468-2322","2468-6557"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101463643","display_name":"Qiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-6602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-6602","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6770-0880"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guoping Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059542441","display_name":"Haiquan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9891-5089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9891-5089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiquan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010572058","display_name":"Jin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-1545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-1545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114178801","display_name":"Yadong Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102804949","display_name":"Shengjie Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-2220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-2220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799285397","display_name":"Sichuan Conservatory of Music","ror":"https://ror.org/01khb1c27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799285397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengjie Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Media Art, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Media Art, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799285397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061549018","display_name":"Lulu Qu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089162573","display_name":"Louis Alberto Gutierrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4513-2455","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4513-2455"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Alberto Gutierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074090518","display_name":"Shaojie Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-780X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-780X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaojie Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-780X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074090518"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"fwci":1.1164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79852811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"537","last_page":"546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality-estimation","display_name":"cardinality estimation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"query optimization","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilstm","display_name":"BiLSTM","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-mechanism","display_name":"attention mechanism","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-queries","display_name":"complex queries","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word2vec","display_name":"Word2Vec","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitmap-compression","display_name":"bitmap compression","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bace","display_name":"BACE","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.9167393445968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6942342519760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6459249258041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5619633197784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5556401014328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3634326457977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16650724411010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09788131713867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/cit2.12069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898415742","display_name":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology","issn_l":"2468-2322","issn":["2468-2322","2468-6557"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a353ab450ea42beb18fad6a03fb0156","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a353ab450ea42beb18fad6a03fb0156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 537-546 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cit2.12069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898415742","display_name":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology","issn_l":"2468-2322","issn":["2468-2322","2468-6557"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2153406069","https://openalex.org/W2243803726","https://openalex.org/W2396309311","https://openalex.org/W2612048434","https://openalex.org/W2790625403","https://openalex.org/W2808009442","https://openalex.org/W2965878715","https://openalex.org/W2991530444","https://openalex.org/W2998249308","https://openalex.org/W3013555795","https://openalex.org/W3118220550","https://openalex.org/W3148576306","https://openalex.org/W3178929990","https://openalex.org/W3192605935","https://openalex.org/W4288019858","https://openalex.org/W4289706945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409324809","https://openalex.org/W4386137790","https://openalex.org/W4396731017","https://openalex.org/W4416052816","https://openalex.org/W4405828741","https://openalex.org/W7223084073","https://openalex.org/W7213114349","https://openalex.org/W2946026089","https://openalex.org/W4387559950","https://openalex.org/W3192605935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"An":[1],"excellent":[2],"cardinality":[3,21,28,66,77,192],"estimation":[4],"can":[5,186],"make":[6],"the":[7,23,33,49,64,83,87,93,97,101,105,115,122,126,130,151,157,165,173,182,189],"query":[8,34,102,127,200],"optimiser":[9],"produce":[10],"a":[11,75,196],"good":[12,70],"execution":[13],"plan.":[14],"Although":[15],"there":[16],"are":[17,30,44,108,136,176],"some":[18],"studies":[19],"on":[20,172],"estimation,":[22,193],"prediction":[24],"results":[25,179],"of":[26,159,167,191],"existing":[27,65],"estimators":[29,67],"inaccurate":[31],"and":[32,91,110,133,164],"efficiency":[35],"cannot":[36,68],"be":[37],"guaranteed":[38],"as":[39],"well.":[40],"In":[41,72],"particular,":[42],"they":[43],"difficult":[45],"to":[46,120,138],"accurately":[47],"obtain":[48],"complex":[50,56,62,160,203],"relationships":[51],"between":[52,153],"multiple":[53],"tables":[54,154],"in":[55,100,104,199],"database":[57],"systems.":[58],"When":[59],"dealing":[60],"with":[61,86,140],"queries,":[63],"achieve":[69],"results.":[71],"this":[73],"study,":[74],"novel":[76],"estimator":[78],"is":[79,118,195],"proposed.":[80],"It":[81],"uses":[82],"core":[84],"techniques":[85],"BiLSTM":[88,131],"network":[89,132],"structure":[90],"adds":[92],"attention":[94,134],"mechanism.":[95],"First,":[96],"columns":[98],"involved":[99],"statements":[103],"training":[106],"set":[107],"sampled":[109],"compressed":[111],"into":[112,147],"bitmaps.":[113],"Then,":[114],"Word2vec":[116],"model":[117,145,185],"used":[119],"embed":[121],"word":[123,141],"vectors":[124],"about":[125],"statements.":[128],"Finally,":[129],"mechanism":[135],"employed":[137],"deal":[139],"vectors.":[142],"The":[143,178],"proposed":[144],"takes":[146],"consideration":[148],"not":[149],"only":[150],"correlation":[152],"but":[155],"also":[156],"processing":[158],"predicates.":[161],"Extensive":[162],"experiments":[163],"evaluation":[166],"BiLSTM\u2010Attention":[168],"Cardinality":[169],"Estimator":[170],"(BACE)":[171],"IMDB":[174],"datasets":[175],"conducted.":[177],"show":[180],"that":[181],"deep":[183],"learning":[184],"significantly":[187],"improve":[188],"quality":[190],"which":[194],"vital":[197],"role":[198],"optimisation":[201],"for":[202],"databases.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
