{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200009449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","title":"COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome versus classical acute respiratory distress syndrome (a narrative review)","display_name":"COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome versus classical acute respiratory distress syndrome (a narrative review)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200009449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35222850","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8816697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764595397","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","issn_l":"2008-3289","issn":["2008-3289","2008-4447"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","ki-jl-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319141","host_organization_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319141"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tehran University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043171234","display_name":"\u0406nna Krynytska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0398-8937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0398-8937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156742","display_name":"I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcpjy47","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inna Krynytska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Functional and Laboratory Diagnostics, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Functional and Laboratory Diagnostics, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063639317","display_name":"\u041c. \u0406. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0449\u0430\u043a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-0026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-0026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156742","display_name":"I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcpjy47","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariya Marushchak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Functional and Laboratory Diagnostics, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Functional and Laboratory Diagnostics, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005737746","display_name":"Inna Birchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-7167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-7167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156742","display_name":"I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcpjy47","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inna Birchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074417615","display_name":"A. Dovgalyuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-0245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-0245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156742","display_name":"I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcpjy47","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alina Dovgalyuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Histology and Embriology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Histology and Embriology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078428431","display_name":"Oleksandr Tokarskyy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-1803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-1803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156742","display_name":"I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcpjy47","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleksandr Tokarskyy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043171234"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156742"],"apc_list":{"value":1000000,"currency":"IRR","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86721353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"737","last_page":"747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10870","display_name":"Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome","display_name":"acute respiratory distress syndrome","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/berlin-criteria","display_name":"Berlin criteria","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathophysiology","display_name":"pathophysiology","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-edema","display_name":"pulmonary edema","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-fibrosis","display_name":"pulmonary fibrosis","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-inflammation","display_name":"endothelial inflammation","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-thrombosis","display_name":"vascular thrombosis","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-protective-ventilation","display_name":"lung-protective ventilation","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"mechanical ventilation","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776348555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344873","display_name":"ARDS","level":3,"score":0.9610329866409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8010076284408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.6658791899681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9418649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275407","display_name":"Diffuse alveolar damage","level":4,"score":0.5610224604606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.513125479221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.5009393692016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163498912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472287","display_name":"Respiratory physiology","level":3,"score":0.41743382811546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.31700924038887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.24271643161773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909621147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344873","display_name":"Acute respiratory distress","level":3,"score":0.1766895055770874}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764595397","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","issn_l":"2008-3289","issn":["2008-3289","2008-4447"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","ki-jl-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319141","host_organization_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319141"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tehran University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8816697","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8816697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Microbiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:35222850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35222850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian journal of microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:244ae5f9cce74b699bea9f463901ed7e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/244ae5f9cce74b699bea9f463901ed7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology, Vol 13, Iss 6 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764595397","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","issn_l":"2008-3289","issn":["2008-3289","2008-4447"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","ki-jl-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319141","host_organization_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319141"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tehran University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1803784511","https://openalex.org/W1951409959","https://openalex.org/W1987783718","https://openalex.org/W2001899439","https://openalex.org/W2027812057","https://openalex.org/W2035279124","https://openalex.org/W2071775013","https://openalex.org/W2080138182","https://openalex.org/W2093727002","https://openalex.org/W2105130485","https://openalex.org/W2118290653","https://openalex.org/W2118889444","https://openalex.org/W2130072823","https://openalex.org/W2131228216","https://openalex.org/W2136619797","https://openalex.org/W2139157203","https://openalex.org/W2159763561","https://openalex.org/W2163240112","https://openalex.org/W2286228001","https://openalex.org/W2461875524","https://openalex.org/W2475106664","https://openalex.org/W2620241325","https://openalex.org/W2793513555","https://openalex.org/W2904268023","https://openalex.org/W2966043734","https://openalex.org/W3001118548","https://openalex.org/W3002539152","https://openalex.org/W3003951199","https://openalex.org/W3004220385","https://openalex.org/W3004906315","https://openalex.org/W3005079553","https://openalex.org/W3008028633","https://openalex.org/W3008090866","https://openalex.org/W3009885589","https://openalex.org/W3011559677","https://openalex.org/W3011610993","https://openalex.org/W3012816616","https://openalex.org/W3013176450","https://openalex.org/W3013449264","https://openalex.org/W3015269808","https://openalex.org/W3017125154","https://openalex.org/W3017743621","https://openalex.org/W3019884833","https://openalex.org/W3020184843","https://openalex.org/W3020655133","https://openalex.org/W3023822056","https://openalex.org/W3026167669","https://openalex.org/W3032503858","https://openalex.org/W3034923804","https://openalex.org/W3036026378","https://openalex.org/W3036349068","https://openalex.org/W3038199445","https://openalex.org/W3041765132","https://openalex.org/W3080517202","https://openalex.org/W3082365987","https://openalex.org/W3092644887","https://openalex.org/W3098152258","https://openalex.org/W3100240428","https://openalex.org/W3101520573","https://openalex.org/W3110852905","https://openalex.org/W3112942473","https://openalex.org/W3115122828","https://openalex.org/W3118352458","https://openalex.org/W3119265642","https://openalex.org/W3120682671","https://openalex.org/W3120750469","https://openalex.org/W3122279375","https://openalex.org/W3123599371","https://openalex.org/W3125673496","https://openalex.org/W3129598140","https://openalex.org/W3163226127","https://openalex.org/W4211250103","https://openalex.org/W4254133364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3080268044","https://openalex.org/W3212312061","https://openalex.org/W4296771865","https://openalex.org/W4364378404","https://openalex.org/W3031715558","https://openalex.org/W3087751138","https://openalex.org/W3036026378","https://openalex.org/W4292566848","https://openalex.org/W3038199445","https://openalex.org/W3119297320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coronavirus":[0],"disease":[1],"2019":[2],"(COVID-19),":[3],"caused":[4,91],"by":[5,92,99,185],"the":[6,16,51,106,118,131,204],"novel":[7],"coronavirus,":[8],"Severe":[9],"Acute":[10],"Respiratory":[11],"Syndrome-Coronavirus-2":[12],"(SARS-CoV-2),":[13],"led":[14],"to":[15,76,104,134,156,213],"ongoing":[17],"global":[18],"public":[19],"health":[20,67],"crisis.":[21],"Existing":[22],"clinical":[23,82,111],"data":[24],"suggest":[25],"that":[26],"COVID-19":[27],"patients":[28,54],"with":[29],"acute":[30],"respiratory":[31,221],"distress":[32],"syndrome":[33],"(ARDS)":[34],"have":[35],"worse":[36],"outcomes":[37],"and":[38,62,83,89,102,129,140,153,170,180,195,224],"increased":[39],"risk":[40],"of":[41,53,80,86,113,120,146,161],"intensive":[42],"care":[43,57,68],"unit":[44],"(ICU)":[45],"admission.":[46],"The":[47,143],"rapid":[48],"increase":[49],"in":[50,137,165,216],"numbers":[52],"requiring":[55],"ICU":[56],"may":[58],"imply":[59],"a":[60],"sudden":[61],"major":[63],"challenge":[64],"for":[65,209],"affected":[66],"systems.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"narrative":[72],"review,":[73],"we":[74],"aim":[75],"summarize":[77],"current":[78],"knowledge":[79],"pathophysiology,":[81],"morphological":[84],"characteristics":[85,119],"COVID-19-associated":[87,114,121,147,178,210],"ARDS":[88,90,122,148,179,182,211],"other":[93],"factors":[94],"(classical":[95],"ARDS)":[96],"as":[97,183,192],"defined":[98,184],"Berlin":[100,186],"criteria,":[101,187],"therefore":[103],"elucidate":[105],"differences,":[107],"which":[108],"can":[109],"affect":[110],"management":[112],"ARDS.":[115],"Fully":[116],"understanding":[117],"will":[123],"help":[124],"identify":[125],"its":[126],"early":[127],"progression":[128],"tailor":[130],"treatment,":[132],"leading":[133,155],"improved":[135],"prognosis":[136],"severe":[138,150],"cases":[139],"reduced":[141],"mortality.":[142],"notable":[144],"mechanisms":[145],"include":[149],"pulmonary":[151,162,166],"infiltration/edema":[152],"inflammation,":[154],"impaired":[157],"alveolar":[158],"homeostasis,":[159],"alteration":[160],"physiology":[163],"resulting":[164],"fibrosis,":[167],"endothelial":[168],"inflammation":[169],"vascular":[171],"thrombosis.":[172],"Despite":[173],"some":[174],"distinct":[175],"differences":[176],"between":[177],"classical":[181],"general":[188],"treatment":[189],"principles,":[190],"such":[191],"lung-protective":[193],"ventilation":[194],"rehabilitation":[196],"concepts":[197],"should":[198],"be":[199,214],"applied":[200],"whenever":[201],"possible.":[202],"At":[203],"same":[205],"time,":[206],"ventilatory":[207],"settings":[208],"require":[212],"adapted":[215],"individual":[217],"cases,":[218],"depending":[219],"on":[220],"mechanics,":[222],"recruitability":[223],"presentation":[225],"timing.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
