{"id":"https://openalex.org/W41801617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs2002034","title":"A Fast and Safe Non-Bleaching Method for Forensic Skeletal Preparation","display_name":"A Fast and Safe Non-Bleaching Method for Forensic Skeletal Preparation","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W41801617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs2002034","mag":"41801617","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12664982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1520/jfs2002034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs2002034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs2002034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"TW Fenton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TW Fenton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University 1 Department of Anthropology, , East Lansing, MI ","Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University 1 Department of Anthropology, , East Lansing, MI ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087178940","display_name":"Walter H. Birkby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089807","display_name":"Pima County Health Department","ror":"https://ror.org/009dw2t03","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WH Birkby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Science Center 2 , Pima County, Tucson, AZ ","Forensic Science Center, Pima County, Tucson, AZ, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Science Center 2 , Pima County, Tucson, AZ ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Science Center, Pima County, Tucson, AZ, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038498463","display_name":"Jered B. Cornelison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-8737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-8737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Cornelison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University 1 Department of Anthropology, , East Lansing, MI ","Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University 1 Department of Anthropology, , East Lansing, MI ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.15,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99251232,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11706","display_name":"Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12296","display_name":"Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defleshing","display_name":"defleshing","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-remains","display_name":"human remains","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking-methods","display_name":"cooking methods","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-chemicals","display_name":"household chemicals","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degreasing","display_name":"degreasing","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-anthropology","display_name":"forensic anthropology","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-identification","display_name":"personal identification","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5773212909698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44970864057540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4437287151813507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3813246488571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.34250324964523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3131934702396393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2876449227333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12124121189117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000641","descriptor_name":"Ammonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000641","descriptor_name":"Ammonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000641","descriptor_name":"Ammonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002254","descriptor_name":"Carbonates","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002254","descriptor_name":"Carbonates","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002254","descriptor_name":"Carbonates","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003902","descriptor_name":"Detergents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003902","descriptor_name":"Detergents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003902","descriptor_name":"Detergents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018732","descriptor_name":"Forensic Anthropology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018732","descriptor_name":"Forensic Anthropology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018732","descriptor_name":"Forensic Anthropology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1520/jfs2002034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs2002034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs2002034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12664982","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12664982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of forensic sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W386052849","https://openalex.org/W601113440","https://openalex.org/W650702508","https://openalex.org/W1556344906","https://openalex.org/W1608336037","https://openalex.org/W1975075234","https://openalex.org/W1979115589","https://openalex.org/W1987856999","https://openalex.org/W2004041658","https://openalex.org/W2060278353","https://openalex.org/W2063627355","https://openalex.org/W2225291174","https://openalex.org/W2346880644","https://openalex.org/W2587118369","https://openalex.org/W2609995877","https://openalex.org/W4246117510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556344906","https://openalex.org/W2336549487","https://openalex.org/W1947079130","https://openalex.org/W7095290675","https://openalex.org/W7217946564","https://openalex.org/W2026004346","https://openalex.org/W3130569140","https://openalex.org/W4232967471","https://openalex.org/W4238456344","https://openalex.org/W3090708399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,17,30,37,40,48,68,75,79,83],"last":[2],"three":[3],"decades,":[4],"forensic":[5],"anthropologists":[6],"increasingly":[7],"have":[8],"consulted":[9],"on":[10],"fleshed":[11],"human":[12,59,96],"remains":[13,60,97],"cases":[14],"in":[15,24,44,63],"which":[16],"examination":[18],"of":[19,27,32,82],"skeletal":[20,103],"elements":[21,104],"is":[22],"critical":[23],"answering":[25],"questions":[26],"identification":[28],"and":[29,91,98,117],"circumstances":[31],"death.":[33],"This":[34,107],"was":[35,61,105],"certainly":[36],"case":[38],"at":[39,74,126],"Human":[41],"Identification":[42],"Laboratory":[43],"Tucson,":[45],"Arizona.":[46],"As":[47,85],"caseload":[49],"increased,":[50],"it":[51],"became":[52],"clear":[53],"that":[54,113,122],"a":[55,86,88],"method":[56,93,110],"for":[57,71,94],"defleshing":[58,95],"needed":[62],"order":[64],"to":[65],"expeditiously":[66],"expose":[67],"osseous":[69],"surfaces":[70],"analysis,":[72],"yet":[73],"same":[76],"time,":[77],"preserving":[78],"evidentiary":[80],"nature":[81],"material.":[84],"result,":[87],"fast,":[89],"safe":[90],"economical":[92],"producing":[99],"high":[100],"quality,":[101],"degreased":[102],"developed.":[106],"non-bleaching":[108],"cooking":[109],"utilizes":[111],"chemicals":[112],"are":[114],"easily":[115],"obtained":[116],"inexpensive":[118],"standard":[119],"household":[120],"ingredients":[121],"can":[123],"be":[124],"purchased":[125],"most":[127],"grocery":[128],"stores.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
