{"id":"https://openalex.org/W417812941","doi":null,"title":"Early-stage french as a foreign language in Taiwan : a case study involving L2 oral proficiency, motivation and social presence in synchronous computer mediated communication (CMC)","display_name":"Early-stage french as a foreign language in Taiwan : a case study involving L2 oral proficiency, motivation and social presence in synchronous computer mediated communication (CMC)","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W417812941","mag":"417812941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/7818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023741500","display_name":"Chao-Jung Ko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Jung Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023741500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13152","display_name":"French Language Learning Methods","score":0.38089999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13152","display_name":"French Language Learning Methods","score":0.38089999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.33329999446868896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.1565999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"French as a foreign language","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-computer-mediated-communication","display_name":"synchronous computer-mediated communication","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaking-skills","display_name":"speaking skills","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-motivation","display_name":"student motivation","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-presence","display_name":"social presence","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-chat","display_name":"text chat","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-to-face-interaction","display_name":"face-to-face interaction","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-attitudes","display_name":"student attitudes","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6647486090660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170350167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455178","display_name":"Second-language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5483593940734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114010052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352","display_name":"Foreign language","level":2,"score":0.4776291251182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778883600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2390977","display_name":"Language proficiency","level":2,"score":0.47594451904296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44323137402534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.43452128767967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43294185400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166007726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4536542","display_name":"Language assessment","level":2,"score":0.4168172776699066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.35853201150894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3277431130409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.26256513595581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08232483267784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/7818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:417812941","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/7818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":226,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11029949","https://openalex.org/W16149794","https://openalex.org/W35458156","https://openalex.org/W47577832","https://openalex.org/W51860040","https://openalex.org/W55956485","https://openalex.org/W57145726","https://openalex.org/W99998856","https://openalex.org/W119490725","https://openalex.org/W149224258","https://openalex.org/W150113644","https://openalex.org/W151173552","https://openalex.org/W152640516","https://openalex.org/W154391266","https://openalex.org/W167880415","https://openalex.org/W186447774","https://openalex.org/W207698892","https://openalex.org/W256199059","https://openalex.org/W304940938","https://openalex.org/W561471121","https://openalex.org/W563246804","https://openalex.org/W567946085","https://openalex.org/W578537041","https://openalex.org/W613266053","https://openalex.org/W622110004","https://openalex.org/W642973316","https://openalex.org/W646239881","https://openalex.org/W653288160","https://openalex.org/W1481944755","https://openalex.org/W1483822235","https://openalex.org/W1484929702","https://openalex.org/W1485700488","https://openalex.org/W1486327350","https://openalex.org/W1489257600","https://openalex.org/W1498552788","https://openalex.org/W1501671793","https://openalex.org/W1502101714","https://openalex.org/W1502336755","https://openalex.org/W1516863206","https://openalex.org/W1521494326","https://openalex.org/W1527311855","https://openalex.org/W1539265701","https://openalex.org/W1540039538","https://openalex.org/W1542788001","https://openalex.org/W1542932561","https://openalex.org/W1551383178","https://openalex.org/W1565284144","https://openalex.org/W1567085980","https://openalex.org/W1570202701","https://openalex.org/W1577785489","https://openalex.org/W1592628973","https://openalex.org/W1594907794","https://openalex.org/W1599418893","https://openalex.org/W1600099874","https://openalex.org/W1604821132","https://openalex.org/W1636115385","https://openalex.org/W1646979305","https://openalex.org/W1684809301","https://openalex.org/W1754306792","https://openalex.org/W1756353881","https://openalex.org/W1823287397","https://openalex.org/W1904175968","https://openalex.org/W1947132789","https://openalex.org/W1963854724","https://openalex.org/W1965270333","https://openalex.org/W1966573259","https://openalex.org/W1966915780","https://openalex.org/W1967328864","https://openalex.org/W1970472766","https://openalex.org/W1971204154","https://openalex.org/W1975978582","https://openalex.org/W1976743906","https://openalex.org/W1977369335","https://openalex.org/W1978650987","https://openalex.org/W1981254675","https://openalex.org/W1982734808","https://openalex.org/W1982857937","https://openalex.org/W1983662126","https://openalex.org/W1983880060","https://openalex.org/W1987213440","https://openalex.org/W1987604705","https://openalex.org/W1988291126","https://openalex.org/W1989553167","https://openalex.org/W1989966069","https://openalex.org/W1994171687","https://openalex.org/W1994657794","https://openalex.org/W1996069451","https://openalex.org/W1996585067","https://openalex.org/W2000174603","https://openalex.org/W2003189031","https://openalex.org/W2004013135","https://openalex.org/W2004409543","https://openalex.org/W2004415003","https://openalex.org/W2010531382","https://openalex.org/W2011669336","https://openalex.org/W2011687717","https://openalex.org/W2012522902","https://openalex.org/W2012788724","https://openalex.org/W2012959741","https://openalex.org/W2013676533","https://openalex.org/W2013984263","https://openalex.org/W2014145152","https://openalex.org/W2014858765","https://openalex.org/W2016420900","https://openalex.org/W2017727824","https://openalex.org/W2018029352","https://openalex.org/W2019970556","https://openalex.org/W2020858146","https://openalex.org/W2021547533","https://openalex.org/W2021805556","https://openalex.org/W2022132965","https://openalex.org/W2025874924","https://openalex.org/W2028954902","https://openalex.org/W2029545416","https://openalex.org/W2029614475","https://openalex.org/W2032633302","https://openalex.org/W2036093145","https://openalex.org/W2039238778","https://openalex.org/W2040527302","https://openalex.org/W2041257713","https://openalex.org/W2044367593","https://openalex.org/W2044414064","https://openalex.org/W2046682270","https://openalex.org/W2047734511","https://openalex.org/W2047855534","https://openalex.org/W2047906281","https://openalex.org/W2049831997","https://openalex.org/W2051508702","https://openalex.org/W2051963151","https://openalex.org/W2052401917","https://openalex.org/W2054898644","https://openalex.org/W2055673837","https://openalex.org/W2057096339","https://openalex.org/W2058849500","https://openalex.org/W2063828391","https://openalex.org/W2064303248","https://openalex.org/W2066442128","https://openalex.org/W2067063040","https://openalex.org/W2067205023","https://openalex.org/W2071775050","https://openalex.org/W2075509776","https://openalex.org/W2075599613","https://openalex.org/W2076224613","https://openalex.org/W2076730323","https://openalex.org/W2080503468","https://openalex.org/W2082408460","https://openalex.org/W2083536757","https://openalex.org/W2084614868","https://openalex.org/W2085533331","https://openalex.org/W2087743581","https://openalex.org/W2091168296","https://openalex.org/W2092002315","https://openalex.org/W2093870995","https://openalex.org/W2097360224","https://openalex.org/W2097991536","https://openalex.org/W2098569865","https://openalex.org/W2100069851","https://openalex.org/W2100519114","https://openalex.org/W2100923592","https://openalex.org/W2102308723","https://openalex.org/W2104575278","https://openalex.org/W2105036931","https://openalex.org/W2105804615","https://openalex.org/W2107253103","https://openalex.org/W2111952268","https://openalex.org/W2113742621","https://openalex.org/W2116619373","https://openalex.org/W2116794232","https://openalex.org/W2117608995","https://openalex.org/W2117686525","https://openalex.org/W2119592550","https://openalex.org/W2119607964","https://openalex.org/W2121004758","https://openalex.org/W2121041094","https://openalex.org/W2121403700","https://openalex.org/W2122058191","https://openalex.org/W2122225159","https://openalex.org/W2127941671","https://openalex.org/W2129478630","https://openalex.org/W2129719637","https://openalex.org/W2129999062","https://openalex.org/W2130180193","https://openalex.org/W2131467679","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2140114346","https://openalex.org/W2140787268","https://openalex.org/W2142631948","https://openalex.org/W2142793872","https://openalex.org/W2142908500","https://openalex.org/W2143195894","https://openalex.org/W2143250680","https://openalex.org/W2143318268","https://openalex.org/W2146030105","https://openalex.org/W2147141238","https://openalex.org/W2147658526","https://openalex.org/W2149997108","https://openalex.org/W2152615458","https://openalex.org/W2152633549","https://openalex.org/W2156257627","https://openalex.org/W2160982655","https://openalex.org/W2163544927","https://openalex.org/W2164928453","https://openalex.org/W2166508257","https://openalex.org/W2167602294","https://openalex.org/W2169742904","https://openalex.org/W2170687283","https://openalex.org/W2172192575","https://openalex.org/W2187952996","https://openalex.org/W2246216090","https://openalex.org/W2246547256","https://openalex.org/W2309216092","https://openalex.org/W2499037932","https://openalex.org/W2528295614","https://openalex.org/W2576297379","https://openalex.org/W2584259369","https://openalex.org/W2770403786","https://openalex.org/W2808198092","https://openalex.org/W2888949376","https://openalex.org/W2900238815","https://openalex.org/W2944399018","https://openalex.org/W3135224407","https://openalex.org/W3136920629","https://openalex.org/W3198277862","https://openalex.org/W4413150298","https://openalex.org/W4413150311","https://openalex.org/W4413150363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991049647","https://openalex.org/W1554991294","https://openalex.org/W53007196","https://openalex.org/W580906948","https://openalex.org/W2942676992","https://openalex.org/W7018723147","https://openalex.org/W7100124437","https://openalex.org/W4296142817","https://openalex.org/W2150873308","https://openalex.org/W2156257627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study,":[1,146,165],"adopting":[2],"a":[3,8,15,58],"case":[4],"study":[5,125],"approach":[6],"with":[7],"group":[9],"of":[10,38,91,99,144,163,186,238],"beginning-level":[11],"FFL":[12,55],"(French":[13],"as":[14,45,47],"foreign":[16,25],"language)":[17],"learners,":[18],"investigated":[19],"the":[20,36,100,109,114,129,138,145,158,161,164,167,196,202,207,211,221,225,228,235],"possibility":[21],"that":[22,174,205],"initial":[23],"level":[24],"language":[26],"learners":[27],"may":[28],"acquire":[29],"oral":[30,106,134,188,213],"skills":[31],"through":[32],"synchronous":[33,39,118],"CMC,":[34],"and":[35,79,141,160,166,218],"impacts":[37],"CMC":[40,177],"learning":[41,75,153,178,198,216],"on":[42,94,210],"their":[43,48,147],"motivation,":[44],"well":[46],"social":[49,239],"presence.":[50,240],"The":[51,87,97,121,171],"participants":[52,110],"were":[53,66,102],"12":[54],"beginners":[56],"in":[57,72,117,132,184,227,232,234],"Taiwanese":[59],"university.":[60],"Divided":[61],"into":[62],"three":[63,70,73,133,176,197],"groups,":[64],"they":[65],"required":[67],"to":[68,112],"conduct":[69,113],"tasks":[71,101],"different":[74],"environments":[76,203,229],"(video/audio,":[77],"audio":[78],"f2f)":[80],"during":[81],"an":[82],"academic":[83],"semester":[84,88],"(18":[85],"weeks).":[86],"constituted":[89],"cycles":[90],"three-week":[92],"practices":[93],"those":[95],"tasks.":[96],"contents":[98],"inter-connected.":[103],"Before":[104],"each":[105],"task,":[107],"all":[108],"had":[111],"same":[115],"task":[116],"text":[119],"chat.":[120],"data":[122],"for":[123],"this":[124],"was":[126],"collected":[127],"from":[128],"participants\u2019":[130],"performance":[131],"tests":[135],"held":[136],"at":[137,157],"initial,":[139],"middle":[140],"final":[142],"phases":[143],"online":[148],"chat":[149],"records,":[150],"interview":[151],"transcriptions,":[152],"journal,":[154],"questionnaires":[155],"completed":[156],"beginning":[159],"end":[162],"instructor\u2019s":[168],"observation":[169],"journal.":[170],"results":[172],"suggest":[173],"these":[175],"modes":[179],"bring":[180],"only":[181],"partial":[182],"benefits":[183],"terms":[185],"learners\u2019":[187,212,236],"proficiency":[189,214],"development.":[190],"It":[191],"is":[192],"factors":[193],"generated":[194],"by":[195],"environments,":[199],"rather":[200],"than":[201],"themselves,":[204],"have":[206],"largest":[208],"impact":[209],"development,":[215],"motivation":[217],"attitudes":[219],"towards":[220],"target":[222],"language.":[223],"However,":[224],"differences":[226],"are":[230],"reflected":[231],"particular":[233],"perception":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}