{"id":"https://openalex.org/W41624574","doi":null,"title":"Understanding the Brain-Drain in the African Diaspora: Focusing on Nigeria","display_name":"Understanding the Brain-Drain in the African Diaspora: Focusing on Nigeria","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W41624574","mag":"41624574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:srhonorsprog-1166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Senior Honors Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013257308","display_name":"Jessica A. Adefusika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessica A. Adefusika","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013257308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0109697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.07100000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13669","display_name":"China's Global Influence and Migration","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-drain","display_name":"brain drain","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-diaspora","display_name":"African diaspora","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skilled-migration","display_name":"skilled migration","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-migration","display_name":"return migration","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-gain","display_name":"brain gain","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-professionals","display_name":"medical professionals","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-shortage","display_name":"physician shortage","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-instability","display_name":"political instability","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-impacts","display_name":"socio-economic impacts","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-society","display_name":"class society","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migratory-strategies","display_name":"migration strategies","score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaspora-remittances","display_name":"diaspora remittances","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaspora-investment","display_name":"diaspora investment","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaspora-education","display_name":"diaspora education","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaspora-entrepreneurship","display_name":"diaspora entrepreneurship","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaspora-tourism","display_name":"diaspora tourism","score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diasporic-media","display_name":"diaspora media","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaspora-politics","display_name":"diaspora politics","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778611045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133004","display_name":"Diaspora","level":2,"score":0.85642409324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993252514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190222","display_name":"Brain drain","level":2,"score":0.7683547139167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34456729888916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.34244203567504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23979535698890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22627419233322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.16289785504341125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:srhonorsprog-1166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Senior Honors Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:41624574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1166&context=srhonorsprog","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:srhonorsprog-1166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Senior Honors Projects","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4043000042438507},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005753341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292635740","https://openalex.org/W4396654344","https://openalex.org/W3138649034","https://openalex.org/W2769071305","https://openalex.org/W4400567944","https://openalex.org/W4388829886","https://openalex.org/W2042648775","https://openalex.org/W7130534263","https://openalex.org/W7160460092","https://openalex.org/W7160092174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,45,58,154,167,215,236,245,261,263,278,283,295,325,381,384,402,407,422,484,495,499,509],"the":[2,14,26,36,42,46,49,52,59,76,88,93,110,115,124,156,159,162,169,172,194,201,237,253,284,304,309,322,336,344,348,351,357,394,425,429,432,456,463,518],"International":[3],"Organization":[4,128],"for":[5,144,290,418,505],"Migration,":[6],"about":[7,486],"one-third":[8],"of":[9,25,31,41,48,87,123,130,150,158,171,191,196,207,219,250,286,306,313,347,359,372,435,440,477,520],"African":[10,22,89,395],"professionals":[11,329],"have":[12],"left":[13],"continent,":[15],"which":[16,198],"constitute":[17],"as":[18,24,333],"over":[19,479],"10":[20],"million":[21],"mini-Diasporas":[23],"year":[27,483],"2000.":[28],"The":[29,148,179,267,376],"loss":[30],"Africa\u2019s":[32],"intellectual":[33],"capital,":[34],"called":[35],"\u201cBrain-Drain\u201d,":[37],"has":[38,414],"been":[39],"one":[40],"greatest":[43],"obstacles":[44],"development":[47],"continent.":[50],"Of":[51],"four":[53,416],"major":[54],"countries":[55],"contributing":[56],"most":[57,77],"brain-drain;":[60],"Ethiopia,":[61],"Ghana,":[62],"Nigeria,":[63,71,390],"and":[64,165,186,189,210,222,231,241,303,315,374,387,427,511],"South":[65],"Africa,":[66,81],"this":[67,151,296],"research":[68,152,413],"focuses":[69],"on":[70,183],"my":[72,187,399,412],"ancestral":[73],"nation.":[74],"As":[75],"populated":[78],"country":[79,221],"in":[80,92,109,114,340,389,393,398,474,517],"Nigeria":[82,119,138],"represents":[83],"a":[84,177,205,360,365,404,451,506],"large":[85],"percentage":[86],"Diaspora,":[90,396],"especially":[91,397],"United":[94,111],"States.":[95],"One":[96],"study":[97,180],"estimates":[98],"that":[99,200,271],"there":[100],"are":[101,234],"more":[102],"than":[103],"21,000":[104],"Nigerian":[105,160,202,457],"Medical":[106],"Doctors":[107],"practicing":[108],"States":[112],"alone":[113],"21st":[116],"century.":[117],"Meanwhile":[118],"domestically":[120],"falls":[121],"short":[122,507],"minimum":[125],"World":[126,337],"Health":[127],"standard":[129],"20":[131],"Physicians":[132],"per":[133,482],"100,000":[134,487],"people.":[135],"Put":[136],"urgently,":[137],"is":[139,153,181,204,354],"losing":[140],"human":[141],"resources":[142],"necessary":[143],"its":[145],"socio-economic":[146,163],"growth.":[147,292],"purpose":[149],"understand":[155],"cause":[157],"brain-drain,":[161],"impact,":[164],"ways":[166],"reverse":[168],"effects":[170],"brain":[173,349,377],"drain,":[174,350],"thereby":[175],"creating":[176],"brain-gain.":[178],"based":[182],"literary":[184],"reviews":[185],"surveys":[188],"interviews":[190],"Nigerians":[192,217,233,272,392,419],"between":[193],"ages":[195],"18-45,":[197],"indicates":[199],"brain-drain":[203,254,323,426],"product":[206],"both":[208],"\u201cinternal\u201d":[209],"\u201cexternal\u201d":[211],"factors":[212],"working":[213],"simultaneously":[214],"push":[216],"out":[218],"their":[220,264,502,513,521],"pull":[223],"them":[224],"into":[225],"developed":[226],"nations":[227],"respectively.":[228],"Subsequently,":[229],"skilled":[230],"educated":[232],"attracted":[235],"Western\u2019s":[238],"economic":[239,345],"opportunities":[240],"what":[242],"they":[243],"believe":[244],"be":[246,493],"an":[247,287],"easy":[248],"way":[249],"life.":[251],"However,":[252],"problem":[255],"arises":[256],"when":[257],"Africans":[258,497],"choose":[259],"not":[260,276],"return":[262,279],"native":[265],"country.":[266,410],"data":[268],"also":[269],"suggests":[270],"living":[273,420],"abroad":[274,421,498],"do":[275],"want":[277],"back":[280],"mainly":[281],"due":[282],"lack":[285],"environment":[288],"conducive":[289],"professional":[291],"In":[293],"addition":[294],"setback,":[297],"political":[298],"instability":[299],"infused":[300],"with":[301,308,327,343,364,431,445,501,515],"corruption,":[302],"frustration":[305],"dealing":[307],"average":[310],"Nigerian\u2019s":[311],"tolerance":[312],"corruption":[314,388],"greed":[316],"discourages":[317],"people":[318],"from":[319],"returning.":[320],"Thus,":[321],"continues":[324],"increase":[326],"23,000":[328],"leaving":[330],"Africa":[331],"annually":[332],"estimated":[334],"by":[335],"Bank":[338],"report":[339],"2007.":[341],"Along":[342],"impact":[346,353],"social":[352],"depicted":[355],"through":[356,442,471],"establishment":[358],"two":[361],"class":[362,369],"society":[363],"very":[366],"small":[367],"middle":[368],"consisting":[370],"primarily":[371],"doctors":[373],"engineers.":[375],"drain":[378],"will":[379],"continue":[380],"give":[382],"rise":[383],"poor":[385],"leadership":[386],"unless":[391],"generation,":[400],"decide":[401],"lend":[403],"helping":[405],"hand":[406],"our":[408],"beloved":[409],"Therefore,":[411],"identified":[415],"strategies":[417],"help":[423],"reduce":[424],"improve":[428],"brain-gain":[430],"underlying":[433],"theme":[434],"knowledge":[436,514],"transfer.":[437],"1)":[438],"Mobilization":[439],"Diaspora":[441,453,469],"virtual":[443],"participation":[444],"global":[446],"telecommunication":[447],"networks,":[448],"2)":[449],"Formulating":[450],"National":[452],"policy":[454],"involving":[455],"government,":[458],"3)":[459],"Economic":[460],"share-ship":[461],"utilizing":[462],"dual":[464],"citizenship":[465],"status,":[466],"4)":[467],"Connecting":[468],"productively":[470],"temporary":[472],"engagements":[473],"Nigeria.":[475],"Instead":[476],"spending":[478],"$4":[480],"billion":[481],"employ":[485],"Western":[488],"experts,":[489],"some":[490],"efforts":[491],"must":[492],"used":[494],"recruit":[496],"reconnect":[500],"motherland":[503],"even":[504],"time":[508],"educate":[510],"share":[512],"compatriots":[516],"land":[519],"origin.":[522]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}