{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4151112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1212.3370","title":"A Novel Technique for Secret Message / Image Transmission through (2, 2)Visual Cryptographic Protocol (SMITVCP)","display_name":"A Novel Technique for Secret Message / Image Transmission through (2, 2)Visual Cryptographic Protocol (SMITVCP)","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4151112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1212.3370","mag":"4151112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1212.3370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.3370","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.3370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.3370","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070896564","display_name":"Jyotsna Kumar Mandal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-647X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-647X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77501641","display_name":"University of Kalyani","ror":"https://ror.org/03v783k16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77501641"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandal, J. K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , Nadia ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , Nadia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77501641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016449897","display_name":"Subhankar Ghatak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-6204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-6204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106542073","display_name":"University of Calcutta","ror":"https://ror.org/01e7v7w47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132359460","display_name":"University of Burdwan","ror":"https://ror.org/05cyd8v32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132359460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghatak, S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , The University of Burdwan , Burdwan , West Bengal , India","University of Calcutta , Kolkata ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , The University of Burdwan , Burdwan , West Bengal , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132359460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calcutta , Kolkata ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.03700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13674","display_name":"Computer Science and Engineering","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cryptography","display_name":"visual cryptography","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-message-transmission","display_name":"secret message transmission","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-images","display_name":"binary images","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale-conversion","display_name":"grayscale conversion","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-significant-bit-embedding","display_name":"least significant bit embedding","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-functions","display_name":"hash functions","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"noise reduction","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-authentication","display_name":"image authentication","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1597418","display_name":"Visual cryptography","level":4,"score":0.7721354365348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.756200909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.673725426197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5705918669700623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5459219813346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5163177847862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5068369507789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7608002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477202","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","level":3,"score":0.4980318546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4305246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3885225","display_name":"Least significant bit","level":2,"score":0.4932019114494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48683494329452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193828747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864118","display_name":"Binary image","level":4,"score":0.48401710391044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4319714307785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.41569894552230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41553935408592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.41549697518348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3418506383895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3006708025932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25424671173095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19128459692001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.1445154845714569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1212.3370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.3370","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.3370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1212.3370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1212.3370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1212.3370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1212.3370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.3370","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.3370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320736","display_name":"All India Council for Technical Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcd7y72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322759","display_name":"University of Kalyani","ror":"https://ror.org/03v783k16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4151112.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4151112.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643400094","https://openalex.org/W1760182598","https://openalex.org/W2069994759","https://openalex.org/W2087091654","https://openalex.org/W2102511552","https://openalex.org/W2107796731","https://openalex.org/W2113251331","https://openalex.org/W2122695673","https://openalex.org/W2132317099","https://openalex.org/W2142816472","https://openalex.org/W2167577564","https://openalex.org/W2913419753","https://openalex.org/W3148407204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097917412","https://openalex.org/W2793877634","https://openalex.org/W2077521137","https://openalex.org/W2390337762","https://openalex.org/W4383913693","https://openalex.org/W2368953055","https://openalex.org/W1941230973","https://openalex.org/W3079707887","https://openalex.org/W2464020658","https://openalex.org/W2561495960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,78],"paper":[2],"a":[3,39,60],"secret":[4,96],"message/image":[5,32,97],"transmission":[6],"technique":[7],"has":[8,33],"been":[9,34],"proposed":[10],"through":[11,38,100],"(2,":[12],"2)":[13],"visual":[14,72],"cryptographic":[15,73],"share":[16],"which":[17],"is":[18,25,56,98,112],"non-interpretable":[19],"in":[20,45],"general.":[21],"A":[22],"binary":[23,65],"image":[24,29,66,92,118,123],"taken":[26],"as":[27,59],"cover":[28,122],"and":[30,58],"authenticating":[31],"fabricated":[35],"into":[36],"it":[37,62],"hash":[40,103],"function":[41,104],"where":[42,94],"two":[43],"bits":[44,50],"each":[46],"pixel":[47,55],"within":[48],"four":[49],"from":[51,77,93],"LSB":[52],"of":[53,108],"the":[54,64,90,95,101],"embedded":[57],"result":[61],"converts":[63],"to":[67,88,119],"gray":[68,80],"scale":[69,81],"one.":[70],"(2,2)":[71],"shares":[74,85],"are":[75,86],"generated":[76],"converted":[79],"image.":[82],"During":[83],"decoding":[84],"combined":[87],"regenerate":[89,120],"authenticated":[91,117],"obtained":[99],"same":[102],"along":[105],"with":[106],"reduction":[107,111],"noise.":[109],"Noise":[110],"also":[113],"done":[114],"on":[115],"regenerated":[116],"original":[121],"at":[124],"destination.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}