{"id":"https://openalex.org/W41368942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488401","title":"Inferring the demographics of search users","display_name":"Inferring the demographics of search users","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W41368942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488401","mag":"41368942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2488388.2488401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088480","display_name":"International World Wide Web Conference (WWW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081108106","display_name":"Bin Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-9146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-9146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088114671","display_name":"Milad Shokouhi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Shokouhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040448723","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Kosi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-4775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-4775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Kosinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051619646","display_name":"Thore Graepel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-0310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-0310"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thore Graepel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98662778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"131","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14435","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Data Mining","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-attitudes","display_name":"political attitudes","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-affiliation","display_name":"religious affiliation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facebook-likes","display_name":"Facebook likes","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-search","display_name":"personalized search","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-logs","display_name":"query logs","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-dataset-transfer","display_name":"cross-dataset transfer","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-suggestion","display_name":"query suggestion","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.67389976978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777683733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201456","display_name":"Directory","level":2,"score":0.6578570604324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5535321235656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.5114189982414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.5002908706665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.4728308618068695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776945383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170667","display_name":"Personalized search","level":3,"score":0.45847538113594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.4535579979419708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4302408695220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.30788615345954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2488388.2488401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088480","display_name":"International World Wide Web Conference (WWW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:2433115358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/www2013.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Web Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556226405","https://openalex.org/W1969724596","https://openalex.org/W1976323204","https://openalex.org/W1993968931","https://openalex.org/W1997313105","https://openalex.org/W2009874870","https://openalex.org/W2013223304","https://openalex.org/W2013416264","https://openalex.org/W2025588118","https://openalex.org/W2028427195","https://openalex.org/W2029917036","https://openalex.org/W2032536435","https://openalex.org/W2036048505","https://openalex.org/W2056435336","https://openalex.org/W2080431972","https://openalex.org/W2099216531","https://openalex.org/W2102419107","https://openalex.org/W2109974859","https://openalex.org/W2115191221","https://openalex.org/W2115644749","https://openalex.org/W2117239687","https://openalex.org/W2120708938","https://openalex.org/W2127799072","https://openalex.org/W2134846820","https://openalex.org/W2144032057","https://openalex.org/W2144996578","https://openalex.org/W2147634746","https://openalex.org/W2157762168","https://openalex.org/W2171806843","https://openalex.org/W2544158810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6991793578","https://openalex.org/W7099889668","https://openalex.org/W2906877346","https://openalex.org/W2099216531","https://openalex.org/W2605370675","https://openalex.org/W7100991766","https://openalex.org/W2188955553","https://openalex.org/W2526042241","https://openalex.org/W2056435336","https://openalex.org/W2980425821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowing":[0],"users'":[1,116],"views":[2,84,224],"and":[3,22,49,77,79,82,88,119,176,189,198,203,229,232,241,272,283],"demographic":[4,72,121,259,290],"traits":[5,73,163],"offers":[6],"a":[7,33,63,150,211,217],"great":[8],"potential":[9],"for":[10,32,53,192,222,234,281],"personalizing":[11],"web":[12],"search":[13,37,56,94,129,152,208],"results":[14],"or":[15],"related":[16],"services":[17],"such":[18,74],"as":[19,75],"query":[20,23,95,147,265],"suggestion":[21],"completion.":[24],"Such":[25],"signals":[26],"however":[27],"are":[28,187],"often":[29],"only":[30,199],"available":[31,112],"small":[34],"fraction":[35],"of":[36,55,149,173,220,261,289],"users,":[38],"namely":[39],"those":[40],"who":[41],"log":[42],"in":[43,100,165,286],"with":[44,128,236],"their":[45,93,120,264],"social":[46],"network":[47],"account":[48,158],"allow":[50],"its":[51],"use":[52],"personalization":[54,282],"results.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59,66,275],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,103,137,215],"offer":[62],"solution":[64],"to":[65,145,201,256],"problem":[67],"by":[68,179],"showing":[69],"how":[70],"user":[71],"age":[76,175],"gender,":[78,177],"even":[80,285],"political":[81,223],"religious":[83],"can":[85],"be":[86],"efficiently":[87],"accurately":[89],"inferred":[90],"based":[91,108,194,206,267],"on":[92,109,142,195,207,268],"histories.":[96],"This":[97],"is":[98,253],"accomplished":[99],"two":[101],"steps;":[102],"first":[104],"train":[105],"predictive":[106],"models":[107],"the":[110,139,159,162,171,180,183,226,244,287],"publically":[111],"myPersonality":[113],"dataset":[114],"containing":[115],"Facebook":[117,126,143,196],"Likes":[118,127,144,270],"information.":[122],"We":[123,168,249],"then":[124],"match":[125],"queries":[130],"using":[131],"Open":[132],"Directory":[133],"Project":[134],"categories.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"apply":[138],"model":[140],"trained":[141],"large-scale":[146],"logs":[148],"commercial":[151],"engine":[153],"while":[154],"explicitly":[155],"taking":[156],"into":[157],"difference":[160],"between":[161,225,238],"distribution":[164],"both":[166],"datasets.":[167],"find":[169,216],"that":[170,251,274],"accuracy":[172],"classifying":[174],"expressed":[178],"area":[181],"under":[182],"ROC":[184],"curve":[185],"(AUC),":[186],"77%":[188],"84%":[190],"respectively":[191],"predictions":[193],"Likes,":[197],"degrade":[200],"74%":[202],"80%":[204],"when":[205],"queries.":[209],"On":[210],"US":[212,245],"state-by-state":[213],"basis":[214],"Pearson":[218],"correlation":[219],"0.72":[221],"predicted":[227,239],"scores":[228,240],"Gallup":[230],"data,":[231],"0.54":[233],"affiliation":[235],"Judaism":[237],"data":[242,260,271],"from":[243,263],"Religious":[246],"Landscape":[247],"Survey.":[248],"conclude":[250],"it":[252],"indeed":[254],"feasible":[255],"infer":[257],"important":[258],"users":[262],"history":[266],"labelled":[269],"believe":[273],"approach":[276],"could":[277],"provide":[278],"valuable":[279],"information":[280],"monetization":[284],"absence":[288],"data.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
