{"id":"https://openalex.org/W40778442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012088483-4/50016-0","title":"Non-DNA Methods for Biological Signatures","display_name":"Non-DNA Methods for Biological Signatures","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W40778442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012088483-4/50016-0","mag":"40778442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-012088483-4/50016-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012088483-4/50016-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012088483-4/50016-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbial Forensics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4240764673","display_name":"Microbial Forensics"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054324775","display_name":"C Schaldach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"CHARLENE M. SCHALDACH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062277609","display_name":"Graham Bench","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-6867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-6867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GRAHAM BENCH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112753246","display_name":"James J. DeYoreo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-733X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-733X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9194-6699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JAMES J. DEYOREO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008292069","display_name":"TONY ESPOSITO","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TONY ESPOSITO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067353586","display_name":"David P. Fergenson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DAVID P. FERGENSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113780271","display_name":"James L. Ferreira","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JAMES FERREIRA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Materials Science and Technology Division, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Materials Science and Technology Division, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047137046","display_name":"Eric E. Gard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ERIC GARD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017648594","display_name":"Patrick G. Grant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7568-0748","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7568-0748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PATRICK GRANT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008269554","display_name":"Christopher W. Hollars","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHRISTOPHER HOLLARS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113690164","display_name":"Joanne M. Horn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOANNE HORN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040780171","display_name":"Thomas R. Huser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-7416","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-7416"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"THOMAS HUSER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072498556","display_name":"Michaele Kashgarian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-8418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-8418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAELE KASHGARIAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025674298","display_name":"John P. Knezovich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOHN KNEZOVICH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Energy and Environment Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012287774","display_name":"Stephen M. Lane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7964-2754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7964-2754"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"STEPHEN M. LANE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109567575","display_name":"Alexander J. Malkin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ALEXANDER J. MALKIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014297164","display_name":"Maurice E. Pitesky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-6404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-6404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MAURICE PITESKY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070274137","display_name":"Chad E. Talley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHAD TALLEY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054330172","display_name":"Herbert J. Tobias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-8739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-8739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HERB J. TOBIAS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103527740","display_name":"Bruce W. Woods","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BRUCE WOODS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: BioSecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111619188","display_name":"Kuang Jen Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KUANG-JEN WU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Materials Science and Technology Division, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Materials Science and Technology Division, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036015245","display_name":"Stephan P. Velsko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-7927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-7927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"STEPHAN P. VELSKO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054324775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8332768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"251","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13055","display_name":"Global Security and Public Health","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12039","display_name":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-weapons","display_name":"biological weapons","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weaponization","display_name":"weaponization","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-scanning-electron-microscopy","display_name":"environmental scanning electron microscopy","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-dispersive-x-ray-microanalysis","display_name":"energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elemental-composition","display_name":"elemental composition","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55171895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268401","display_name":"Environmental scanning electron microscope","level":3,"score":0.6405113339424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5436995625495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5213826298713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31033462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058182","display_name":"Microanalysis","level":2,"score":0.45240575075149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4510974586009979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64389972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075980","display_name":"Biological specimen","level":2,"score":0.4234636127948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.42051011323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41003262996673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37036749720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3079879879951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21513360738754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20629894733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17568263411521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.1753278374671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-012088483-4/50016-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012088483-4/50016-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012088483-4/50016-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbial Forensics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2372078","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2372078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Schaldach CM, deYoreo JJ, Esposito A, et al. Non-DNA Methods for Biological Signatures. In: Breeze RG, Budowle B, Schutzer SE, eds. &lt;em&gt;Microbial Forensics&lt;/em&gt;. Elsevier Academic Press. Burlington; In Press: 262-295.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2372078","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2372078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401624","display_name":"Publikationen an der Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld (Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Schaldach CM, deYoreo JJ, Esposito A, et al. Non-DNA Methods for Biological Signatures. In: Breeze RG, Budowle B, Schutzer SE, eds. &lt;em&gt;Microbial Forensics&lt;/em&gt;. Elsevier Academic Press. Burlington; In Press: 262-295.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60266926","https://openalex.org/W264875167","https://openalex.org/W565515284","https://openalex.org/W1501502959","https://openalex.org/W1543013349","https://openalex.org/W1578663184","https://openalex.org/W1706867208","https://openalex.org/W1970068361","https://openalex.org/W1970419257","https://openalex.org/W1978300494","https://openalex.org/W1979619808","https://openalex.org/W1981211088","https://openalex.org/W1993047667","https://openalex.org/W1995434217","https://openalex.org/W1996713544","https://openalex.org/W1999173254","https://openalex.org/W2001281545","https://openalex.org/W2002087789","https://openalex.org/W2006359008","https://openalex.org/W2011041551","https://openalex.org/W2012143649","https://openalex.org/W2013897032","https://openalex.org/W2029962501","https://openalex.org/W2031380350","https://openalex.org/W2034180958","https://openalex.org/W2034685780","https://openalex.org/W2038278060","https://openalex.org/W2039938944","https://openalex.org/W2042064246","https://openalex.org/W2043868875","https://openalex.org/W2047734693","https://openalex.org/W2050938834","https://openalex.org/W2051213710","https://openalex.org/W2054170878","https://openalex.org/W2061638594","https://openalex.org/W2063354375","https://openalex.org/W2066075696","https://openalex.org/W2066119650","https://openalex.org/W2066920231","https://openalex.org/W2068798284","https://openalex.org/W2069632138","https://openalex.org/W2071717080","https://openalex.org/W2072443063","https://openalex.org/W2087900161","https://openalex.org/W2091600194","https://openalex.org/W2100947078","https://openalex.org/W2109316121","https://openalex.org/W2115797520","https://openalex.org/W2122898180","https://openalex.org/W2123728659","https://openalex.org/W2137354621","https://openalex.org/W2141909982","https://openalex.org/W2145282362","https://openalex.org/W2154773020","https://openalex.org/W2154939421","https://openalex.org/W2158502864","https://openalex.org/W2159300631","https://openalex.org/W2161863335","https://openalex.org/W2168747410","https://openalex.org/W2180298057","https://openalex.org/W2410101863","https://openalex.org/W2486341587","https://openalex.org/W2505528999","https://openalex.org/W2568203515","https://openalex.org/W2726781229","https://openalex.org/W2924710367","https://openalex.org/W2942514145","https://openalex.org/W2950604716","https://openalex.org/W2952443239","https://openalex.org/W3150248096","https://openalex.org/W4248660383","https://openalex.org/W4294555410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2478340827","https://openalex.org/W2167058401","https://openalex.org/W2492107865","https://openalex.org/W133665785","https://openalex.org/W2398382991","https://openalex.org/W4393389506","https://openalex.org/W3010710797","https://openalex.org/W2365008895","https://openalex.org/W2014555285","https://openalex.org/W2102272829"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
