{"id":"https://openalex.org/W40365853","doi":null,"title":"Genes, parents, and assisted reproductive technologies: ARTs, mistakes, sex, race, and law.","display_name":"Genes, parents, and assisted reproductive technologies: ARTs, mistakes, sex, race, and law.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W40365853","mag":"40365853","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16281329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16281329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16281329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Columbia journal of gender and law","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113462005","display_name":"Leslie C. Bender","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leslie Bender","raw_affiliation_strings":["Syracuse University College of Law, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syracuse University College of Law, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113462005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66680997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.5449000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.5449000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.36039999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11732","display_name":"Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-reproductive-technology","display_name":"assisted reproduction","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro-fertilization","display_name":"in vitro fertilization","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-parenthood","display_name":"genetic parentage","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-testing","display_name":"genetic testing","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-legislation","display_name":"reproductive law","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york-state-supreme-court","display_name":"New York Supreme Court","score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york-state-court-of-appeals","display_name":"New York State Court of Appeals","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994278967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7314318","display_name":"Reproductive technology","level":4,"score":0.4900034964084625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777179996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911222","display_name":"Mistake","level":2,"score":0.48201122879981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512716672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200117","display_name":"In vitro fertilisation","level":3,"score":0.43295687437057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140610115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170480","display_name":"Eugenics","level":2,"score":0.4241049587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778983918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188830","display_name":"Wife","level":2,"score":0.41009074449539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39649665355682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39549848437309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3836216926574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.32256871461868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1839330792427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15511584281921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13449522852897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776659692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719426","display_name":"Lactation","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002655","descriptor_name":"Child Custody","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004624","descriptor_name":"Embryo Transfer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005820","descriptor_name":"Genetic Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006716","descriptor_name":"Homosexuality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008318","descriptor_name":"Malpractice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010287","descriptor_name":"Parent-Child Relations","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010290","descriptor_name":"Parents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013533","descriptor_name":"Gestational Carriers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019513","descriptor_name":"Feminism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D027724","descriptor_name":"Reproductive Techniques, Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D027724","descriptor_name":"Reproductive Techniques, Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033141","descriptor_name":"Genetic Determinism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033222","descriptor_name":"Judicial Role","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033261","descriptor_name":"Maternal-Fetal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16281329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16281329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Columbia journal of gender and law","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/522653","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/522653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"254328","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:40365853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16281329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6921520811","https://openalex.org/W1534943309","https://openalex.org/W2316804045","https://openalex.org/W2442241184","https://openalex.org/W1500429779","https://openalex.org/W1569649539","https://openalex.org/W7033891820","https://openalex.org/W4230581782","https://openalex.org/W2442406481","https://openalex.org/W4396589882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I.":[0],"INTRODUCTION":[1],"A":[2,149],"true":[3],"story:":[4],"two":[5,232,492],"infertile":[6],"couples,":[7],"Donna":[8,92,158],"and":[9,18,21,113,135,243,264,306,369,418,538,541,558],"Richard":[10,314],"Fasano":[11,93,159,228,241],"of":[12,24,36,72,102,111,172,205,235,304,327,408,412,487,545,555,629],"Staten":[13],"Island,":[14],"New":[15,26,37,639],"York,":[16,38],"(1)":[17],"Deborah":[19,118],"Perry-Rogers":[20,119],"Robert":[22],"Rogers":[23],"Teaneck,":[25],"Jersey,":[27],"(2)":[28],"went":[29],"to":[30,75,80,178,187,202,231,256,333,336,385,405,420,442,510,586,605,609,616,621],"the":[31,51,103,166,173,193,219,240,244,250,268,272,289,311,324,328,330,337,340,359,377,380,392,398,406,415,430,436,439,443,448,452,458,461,469,473,483,495,508,512,520,523,527,546,563,572,582,588,596,600,619,623],"In":[32],"Vitro":[33],"Fertility":[34],"Center":[35],"an":[39,633],"in":[40,46,54,145,373,414,499,644],"vitro":[41],"fertilization":[42],"[hereinafter":[43],"IVF]":[44],"clinic":[45,167],"Manhattan,":[47],"for":[48,215,301,371,529],"treatment":[49],"on":[50,125,153,192,280,354,388],"same":[52],"day":[53,447],"April":[55,126,355],"1998.":[56],"Both":[57],"couples":[58],"were":[59,133,185,254,400,497],"undergoing":[60],"IVF":[61,470],"procedures":[62],"that":[63,84,89,288,320,386,397,482,504,549,581,599],"created":[64],"pre-embryos":[65,105,124,132,141],"(3)":[66],"(test":[67],"tube":[68],"babies)":[69],"with":[70,97,107,123,164,451,456],"hopes":[71],"giving":[73],"birth":[74,230,274,423],"their":[76,182,206,293,466],"own":[77],"babies.":[78],"Due":[79],"a":[81,86,302,344,364,409,488,502,530,559,566],"clinical":[82],"error":[83],"caused":[85],"pre-embryo":[87],"mix-up":[88],"day,":[90],"(4)":[91],"was":[94,120,162,292,323,432,485,505,550],"mistakenly":[95],"impregnated":[96],"as":[98,100],"many":[99],"six":[101],"Rogerses'":[104,416],"along":[106],"at":[108],"least":[109],"one":[110,234,509],"hers":[112,134],"her":[114,136,146],"husband's":[115],"pre-embroys.":[116],"(5)":[117],"also":[121,309],"implanted":[122],"24,":[127],"1998,":[128,156,226],"but":[129,184,362],"all":[130],"those":[131],"husband's.":[137],"(6)":[138],"Unfortunately,":[139],"Perry-Rogers's":[140],"did":[142,196],"not":[143,197],"implant":[144],"womb.":[147],"(7)":[148],"few":[150],"weeks":[151,493],"later,":[152],"May":[154,389,426,517],"28,":[155],"after":[157,218],"knew":[160],"she":[161],"pregnant":[163],"twins,":[165],"notified":[168],"both":[169,258],"couple":[170,242],"s":[171],"mistake.":[174],"The":[175,190,252,297,351,445,592,626],"Rogerses":[176,269,298,341,360,378,399,449,496,521,583],"attempted":[177],"learn":[179],"who":[180,246],"had":[181,514,602,612],"pre-embryos,":[183],"unable":[186],"find":[188],"out.":[189],"Fasanos,":[191],"other":[194,245],"hand,":[195],"take":[198],"any":[199],"affirmative":[200],"steps":[201],"identify":[203],"either":[204],"embryos'":[207],"genetic":[208,282,294,317,325,402],"parents":[209],"during":[210],"Mrs.":[211,227],"Fasano's":[212],"pregnancy":[213],"or":[214],"several":[216,553],"months":[217,434],"children's":[220],"birth.":[221],"(8)":[222],"On":[223,425,516],"December":[224],"29,":[225,356],"gave":[229,358],"boys,":[233],"whom":[236,260],"is":[237,247,577],"European-American":[238],"like":[239,249],"African-American,":[248],"Rogerses.":[251,444],"Fasanos":[253,331,393,437,462,524,573,601],"content":[255],"raise":[257],"sons,":[259],"they":[261,278,464,611],"named":[262],"Vincent":[263],"Joseph.":[265],"However,":[266,491],"when":[267,429],"learned":[270],"about":[271,533],"Fasanos'":[273],"by":[275,454,525,632],"luck,":[276],"(9)":[277],"insisted":[279],"having":[281],"tests":[283,286,318],"done.":[284],"Those":[285],"revealed":[287,319],"African-American":[290],"boy":[291,312],"child.":[295],"(10)":[296],"immediately":[299],"sued":[300,522],"declaration":[303],"parentage":[305],"custody.":[307],"They":[308],"renamed":[310],"Akeil":[313],"Rogers.":[315],"When":[316],"Joseph/Akeil":[321],"(11)":[322],"child":[326],"Rogerses,":[329,338],"agreed":[332,481],"relinquish":[334],"custody":[335,413],"if":[339,376],"would":[342],"execute":[343],"written":[345],"agreement":[346,453,548,590],"granting":[347],"them":[348],"liberal":[349],"visitation.":[350,575],"agreement,":[352,387],"signed":[353,394],"1999,":[357,391,428,519],"custody,":[361,540],"contained":[363],"carefully":[365],"delineated":[366],"visitation":[367,381,547,589,607,624],"schedule":[368],"provided":[370],"$200,000":[372],"liquidated":[374],"damages":[375],"violated":[379],"agre":[382],"ement.":[383],"Pursuant":[384],"5,":[390],"affidavits":[395],"acknowledging":[396],"Joseph/Akeil's":[401,422],"parents,":[403],"consenting":[404],"entry":[407],"final":[410],"order":[411,570,580],"favor,":[417],"agreeing":[419],"change":[421],"certificate.":[424],"10,":[427],"baby":[431],"four-and-a-half":[433],"old,":[435],"turned":[438],"infant":[440],"over":[441],"next":[446],"complied":[450],"discontinuing":[455],"prejudice":[457],"action":[459,467],"against":[460,468],"(although":[463],"retained":[465],"clinic).":[471],"Had":[472],"story":[474],"ended":[475],"here,":[476],"we":[477],"probably":[478],"could":[479],"have":[480],"best":[484],"made":[486],"bad":[489],"situation.":[490],"later":[494],"back":[498],"court":[500,528,564,594,620,636],"seeking":[501,536,585],"resolution":[503,628],"different":[506],"from":[507,578],"which":[511],"parties":[513],"agreed.":[515],"25,":[518],"petitioning":[526],"declaratory":[531],"judgment":[532],"Akeil/Joseph's":[534],"parentage,":[535],"sole":[537],"exclusive":[539],"making":[542],"no":[543,603,613],"mention":[544],"signed.":[551],"After":[552],"stages":[554],"legal":[556],"wrangling":[557],"full":[560],"evidentiary":[561],"hearing,":[562],"issued":[565],"January":[567],"14,":[568],"2000":[569],"allowing":[571],"substantial":[574],"It":[576],"this":[579,630,645],"appealed,":[584],"void":[587],"entirely.":[591],"appeals":[593],"rendered":[595],"startling":[597],"decision":[598],"standing":[604],"claim":[606],"rights":[608],"Joseph/Akeil;":[610],"parental":[614],"right":[615],"even":[617],"ask":[618],"enforce":[622],"agreement.":[625],"troubling":[627],"case":[631],"intermediate":[634],"appellate":[635],"o":[637],"f":[638],"York":[640],"prompted":[641],"my":[642],"reflections":[643],"essay.":[646],"\u2026":[647]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}