{"id":"https://openalex.org/W402372498","doi":null,"title":"Transmission dynamics of Human Rift Valley Fever virus in Ijara District, Garrissa county, Kenya","display_name":"Transmission dynamics of Human Rift Valley Fever virus in Ijara District, Garrissa county, Kenya","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W402372498","mag":"402372498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir-library.ku.ac.ke:123456789/3994","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400122","display_name":"Kenyatta University Institutional Repository (Kenyatta University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153975220","host_organization_name":"Kenyatta University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153975220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113869041","display_name":"Samuel Muiruri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Muiruri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113869041"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11581","display_name":"Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rift-valley-fever-virus","display_name":"Rift Valley fever virus","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-dynamics","display_name":"transmission dynamics","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seroprevalence","display_name":"seroprevalence","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igg","display_name":"IgG","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosquito-borne-disease-transmission","display_name":"mosquito-borne transmission","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosquito-vectors","display_name":"mosquito vectors","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aedes-aegypti","display_name":"Aedes aegypti","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aedes-albopictus","display_name":"Aedes albopictus","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aedes-notoscriptus","display_name":"Aedes notoscriptus","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoonotic-transmission","display_name":"zoonotic transmission","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-exposure","display_name":"livestock exposure","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-communities","display_name":"rural communities","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778960357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326638","display_name":"Rift Valley fever","level":3,"score":0.8891230821609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5433219075202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.519906222820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.515640139579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.4865483343601227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.4675634801387787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4583986699581146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.37208378314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.29820752143859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28552424907684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2463291585445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1766817271709442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06836023926734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ir-library.ku.ac.ke:123456789/3994","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400122","display_name":"Kenyatta University Institutional Repository (Kenyatta University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153975220","host_organization_name":"Kenyatta University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153975220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:402372498","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/3994/Muiruri%2c%20Samuel%20Kinyanjui.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7486334","https://openalex.org/W69077034","https://openalex.org/W154406914","https://openalex.org/W244337938","https://openalex.org/W1530599454","https://openalex.org/W1547998063","https://openalex.org/W1550051442","https://openalex.org/W1573314573","https://openalex.org/W1603416924","https://openalex.org/W1611319282","https://openalex.org/W1677868511","https://openalex.org/W1802597981","https://openalex.org/W1875145646","https://openalex.org/W1954663190","https://openalex.org/W1965622947","https://openalex.org/W1967137980","https://openalex.org/W1968530114","https://openalex.org/W1973824065","https://openalex.org/W1977477109","https://openalex.org/W1977676160","https://openalex.org/W1977963995","https://openalex.org/W1980548676","https://openalex.org/W1992633114","https://openalex.org/W1994792356","https://openalex.org/W1996137434","https://openalex.org/W2005977824","https://openalex.org/W2010651552","https://openalex.org/W2013729453","https://openalex.org/W2023581578","https://openalex.org/W2027737781","https://openalex.org/W2035729010","https://openalex.org/W2035760671","https://openalex.org/W2038279769","https://openalex.org/W2048544108","https://openalex.org/W2051142059","https://openalex.org/W2059812864","https://openalex.org/W2060299254","https://openalex.org/W2065402980","https://openalex.org/W2074471753","https://openalex.org/W2076318774","https://openalex.org/W2077176187","https://openalex.org/W2080025921","https://openalex.org/W2081620517","https://openalex.org/W2084659096","https://openalex.org/W2098621258","https://openalex.org/W2099292928","https://openalex.org/W2099479563","https://openalex.org/W2105427558","https://openalex.org/W2108632307","https://openalex.org/W2111331109","https://openalex.org/W2114644114","https://openalex.org/W2119844213","https://openalex.org/W2120925952","https://openalex.org/W2122326839","https://openalex.org/W2124233409","https://openalex.org/W2124472236","https://openalex.org/W2126062004","https://openalex.org/W2131586477","https://openalex.org/W2133655435","https://openalex.org/W2134061160","https://openalex.org/W2135905299","https://openalex.org/W2137203717","https://openalex.org/W2140122921","https://openalex.org/W2141940160","https://openalex.org/W2149805957","https://openalex.org/W2150584691","https://openalex.org/W2153061716","https://openalex.org/W2158924117","https://openalex.org/W2158927525","https://openalex.org/W2159199831","https://openalex.org/W2159368480","https://openalex.org/W2165493998","https://openalex.org/W2168328062","https://openalex.org/W2169336576","https://openalex.org/W2174232927","https://openalex.org/W2177667556","https://openalex.org/W2178569942","https://openalex.org/W2188300002","https://openalex.org/W2198820457","https://openalex.org/W2214231015","https://openalex.org/W2274222100","https://openalex.org/W2401064390","https://openalex.org/W2411925269","https://openalex.org/W2415755481","https://openalex.org/W2417425351","https://openalex.org/W2467080288","https://openalex.org/W2595920264","https://openalex.org/W2743412331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097616025","https://openalex.org/W3007391436","https://openalex.org/W4413427349","https://openalex.org/W4403601456","https://openalex.org/W2560355248","https://openalex.org/W4386766241","https://openalex.org/W3200168812","https://openalex.org/W2032569000","https://openalex.org/W1997706633","https://openalex.org/W3194075819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rift":[0,190,205],"Valley":[1,191,206],"Fever":[2,192,207],"(RVF)":[3],"is":[4,35,71,140],"an":[5,150,242],"emerging":[6],"viral":[7,295],"disease":[8,23,30,386,397],"which":[9],"causes":[10,394],"among":[11,331],"other":[12],"problems":[13],"severe":[14],"hemorrhagic":[15],"syndrome,":[16],"retinitis":[17],"and":[18,126,164,222,335,387,390,404,414,456,462,471,498],"meningo-encephalitis":[19],"in":[20,51,64,149,159,169,398,454,474,485],"humans.":[21],"The":[22,112,155,282,292,303,449,477],"was":[24,157,182,212,247,262,285,313,324,329,341,444],"previously":[25,49],"thought":[26],"to":[27,38,57,81,108,121,141,249,494],"be":[28,39,492],"a":[29,40,85,161,166],"of":[31,69,75,92,103,115,117,137,146,189,266,268,277,308,337,357,395,408,424,467,482],"animals":[32],"but":[33],"it":[34],"increasingly":[36],"developing":[37],"human":[41,45,58,122],"health":[42,489],"problem.":[43],"Two":[44],"RVF":[46,61,118,294,475],"epidemics":[47,127,153],"have":[48],"occurred":[50],"Kenya":[52,172],"(1997-1997;":[53],"2006-2007)":[54],"each":[55],"resulting":[56],"deaths.":[59],"Most":[60],"outbreaks":[62,484],"occur":[63],"rural":[65,162],"locations":[66],"where":[67,152,173],"keeping":[68],"livestock":[70],"the":[72,76,90,101,143,187,215,258,309,391,425,452,465,480],"main":[73,135],"livelihood":[74],"affected":[77],"communities.":[78],"Flooding":[79],"due":[80],"excessive":[82],"rainfall":[83],"after":[84],"long":[86],"dry":[87],"spell":[88],"allows":[89],"breeding":[91],"vector":[93],"mosquitoes.":[94],"Human":[95],"beings":[96],"get":[97],"infected":[98,104,109],"either":[99],"through":[100],"bite":[102],"mosquitoes":[105,279],"or":[106],"exposure":[107,225,455],"animal":[110,120,224,372,409,472],"material.":[111],"dominant":[113],"mode":[114],"transmission":[116,144,340,496],"from":[119,349,362],"during":[123],"combined":[124],"epizootics":[125],"has":[128],"not":[129],"been":[130],"clearly":[131],"understood.":[132],"\\n":[133,274,377],"\\nThe":[134,378],"objective":[136],"this":[138],"study":[139,175,312,450],"assess":[142],"dynamics":[145],"R":[147,434],"VF":[148],"area":[151],"occur.":[154],"survey":[156],"done":[158,263],"Gumarey,":[160],"village":[163,168,369],"Sogan-Godud,":[165],"sub-urban":[167],"Ijara":[170,486],"District,":[171],"248":[174],"participants":[176,346],"were":[177,227,235,255,280,298,351,401,416,431],"randomly":[178],"selected.":[179],"Venous":[180],"blood":[181],"then":[183,228],"collected":[184],"fromthesubjects":[185],"for":[186,218,238,433,446],"detection":[188],"Virus":[193,208],"(R":[194],"VFV)antibodies":[195],"by":[196,241,264,287,301,315,322,429,442],"IgG":[197,210,232,323,327],"Enzyme":[198],"Linked":[199],"Immunosorbent":[200],"Assay":[201],"(ELISA)":[202],"testing":[203],"technique.":[204],"(RVFV)":[209],"seropositivity":[211,321,328,388,420,459],"used":[213,248,493],"as":[214],"primary":[216],"measure":[217],"RVFV":[219,231,339,358],"exposure.":[220],"Animal":[221],"non-":[223],"factors":[226],"determined":[229],"against":[230],"seropositivity.":[233],"Subjects":[234],"clinically":[236],"examined":[237],"ophthalmological":[239],"disorders":[240],"Ophthalmologist.":[243],"A":[244,436],"structured":[245],"questionnaire":[246],"collect":[250],"relevant":[251],"data":[252],"while":[253],"observations":[254],"made":[256],"on":[257],"homesteads.":[259],"Mosquito":[260],"sampling":[261],"use":[265],"Centers":[267],"Disease":[269],"Control":[270],"(CDC)":[271],"Light":[272],"Traps.":[273],"\\nA":[275],"total":[276],"12252":[278],"collected.":[281],"morphological":[283],"identification":[284],"confirmed":[286,300],"Polymerase":[288],"Chain":[289],"Reaction":[290],"(PCR).":[291],"mosquito":[293,426],"infection":[296],"rates":[297],"also":[299,380,463],"PCR.":[302],"Geographical":[304],"Positioning":[305],"System":[306],"\u00abiPS)":[307],"households":[310,441],"under":[311],"recorded":[314],"Etrex":[316],"GPS":[317],"machine.":[318],"Overall":[319],"anti-RVFV":[320],"13%.":[325],"Increased":[326],"found":[330],"older":[332],"male":[333],"persons":[334,400],"evidence":[336],"interepidernic":[338],"detected.":[342],"In":[343,422],"location":[344,470],"analysis,":[345],"who":[347],"resided":[348],"Gumarey":[350,368],"4":[352],"times.":[353],"more":[354,371],"at":[355],"risk":[356],"than":[359,374],"those":[360],"residing":[361],"Sogan":[363,375],"Gudud":[364],"(P=O.OOl;Odds":[365],"Ratio:":[366],"3.8).":[367],"reported":[370],"exposures":[373],"Gudud.":[376],"results":[379,478],"showed":[381],"significant":[382],"association":[383],"between":[384,460],"eye":[385,396],"(P=O.003)":[389],"most":[392],"common":[393],"seropositive":[399,440],"visual":[402],"impairments":[403],"retinal":[405],"lesions.":[406],"Disposal":[407],"fetus,":[410],"birthing,":[411],"skinning,":[412],"butchering":[413],"milking":[415],"highly":[417],"associated":[418],"with":[419],"(p=O.OOOl).":[421],"total22%":[423],"pools":[427],"tested":[428],"peR":[430],"positive":[432],"VFV.":[435],"geospatial":[437],"map":[438],"showing":[439],"clusters":[443],"constructed":[445],"both":[447],"villages.":[448],"highlights":[451],"variability":[453],"anti-R":[457],"VFV":[458],"Villages":[461],"emphasizes":[464],"impact":[466],"age,":[468],"gender,":[469],"husbandry":[473],"transmission.":[476],"show":[479],"potential":[481],"future":[483],"District.":[487],"Public":[488],"education":[490],"could":[491],"prevent":[495],"ofRVF":[497],"avert":[499],"possible":[500],"epidemics.":[501]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}