{"id":"https://openalex.org/W40171425","doi":null,"title":"Preventive strategies in chronic liver disease: part I. Alcohol, vaccines, toxic medications and supplements, diet and exercise.","display_name":"Preventive strategies in chronic liver disease: part I. Alcohol, vaccines, toxic medications and supplements, diet and exercise.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W40171425","mag":"40171425","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11730310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11730310","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11730310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American family physician","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072132429","display_name":"Thomas Riley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-9836","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-9836"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268258","display_name":"Penn State Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00bzx1854","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268258"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T R Riley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA. triley@psu.edu","Penn State Cancer Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA. triley@psu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State Cancer Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268258"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083300623","display_name":"Ahsan Bhatti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A M Bhatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State Univ#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State Univ#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85510914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"9","first_page":"1555","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.49900001287460327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.49900001287460327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.15369999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.11379999667406082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-liver-disease","display_name":"chronic liver disease","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevention","display_name":"prevention","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c-virus","display_name":"hepatitis C virus","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol","display_name":"alcohol","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs","display_name":"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paracetamol","display_name":"paracetamol","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-supplements","display_name":"herbal supplements","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milk-thistle","display_name":"Silybum marianum","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-steatosis","display_name":"hepatic steatosis","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.9549999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9700264930725098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.6419889330863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.6338388919830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113984","display_name":"Chronic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.6195216178894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778772119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058862","display_name":"Fatty liver","level":3,"score":0.4811731278896332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.47236496210098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778351090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349821","display_name":"Toxic hepatitis","level":3,"score":0.46711644530296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779609443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368191","display_name":"Liver transplantation","level":3,"score":0.444079726934433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778722691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57055","display_name":"Acetaminophen","level":2,"score":0.430373877286911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.42743220925331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992208098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359801","display_name":"Liver function","level":2,"score":0.4116572439670563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131742","display_name":"Hepatitis","level":2,"score":0.3997981548309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.35270369052886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.34187620878219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.2782778739929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.14290732145309448}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004032","descriptor_name":"Diet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005194","descriptor_name":"Family Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006526","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008107","descriptor_name":"Liver Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008107","descriptor_name":"Liver Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008107","descriptor_name":"Liver Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056486","descriptor_name":"Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11730310","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11730310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American family physician","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:40171425","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11730310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25378787","https://openalex.org/W59988450","https://openalex.org/W129488416","https://openalex.org/W1480007741","https://openalex.org/W1965993811","https://openalex.org/W1985551192","https://openalex.org/W2003227142","https://openalex.org/W2004592086","https://openalex.org/W2010207474","https://openalex.org/W2032529873","https://openalex.org/W2048751958","https://openalex.org/W2061365719","https://openalex.org/W2061742047","https://openalex.org/W2062663604","https://openalex.org/W2065788317","https://openalex.org/W2076204761","https://openalex.org/W2079742080","https://openalex.org/W2085806058","https://openalex.org/W2102383058","https://openalex.org/W2139728745","https://openalex.org/W2152805462","https://openalex.org/W2160939065","https://openalex.org/W2185061742","https://openalex.org/W2316970164","https://openalex.org/W2328171401","https://openalex.org/W2328373544","https://openalex.org/W2335592377","https://openalex.org/W2336236906","https://openalex.org/W2416107563","https://openalex.org/W2416436007","https://openalex.org/W3021092633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035109928","https://openalex.org/W2053687670","https://openalex.org/W1573015570","https://openalex.org/W4408125713","https://openalex.org/W2468691423","https://openalex.org/W2105456947","https://openalex.org/W2782751985","https://openalex.org/W2033424376","https://openalex.org/W2040567841","https://openalex.org/W2970650018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chronic":[0],"liver":[1,25,33,43,80,97,139,147],"disease":[2,26],"is":[3,18,83,116],"the":[4,11,19,28,40,54,117],"10th":[5],"leading":[6],"cause":[7,22],"of":[8,23,42,56],"death":[9],"in":[10,52,93,108,134,149],"United":[12],"States.":[13],"Hepatitis":[14],"C":[15,48,62],"virus":[16,49,76],"infection":[17,63],"most":[20,29],"frequent":[21],"chronic":[24,96,138],"and":[27,46,126,143],"common":[30],"indication":[31],"for":[32],"transplantation.":[34],"Preventive":[35],"care":[36],"can":[37,77,130,145],"significantly":[38],"reduce":[39],"progression":[41],"disease.":[44,98,140],"Alcohol":[45],"hepatitis":[47,61,72],"are":[50,123],"synergistic":[51],"hastening":[53],"development":[55],"cirrhosis;":[57],"therefore,":[58],"patients":[59,94,135,150],"with":[60,71,91,95,151],"should":[64,88,104],"abstain":[65],"from":[66],"alcohol":[67],"use.":[68],"Because":[69],"superinfection":[70],"A":[73],"or":[74],"B":[75],"lead":[78],"to":[79],"failure,":[81],"vaccination":[82],"recommended.":[84],"Potentially":[85],"hepatotoxic":[86],"medications":[87],"be":[89,105,131],"used":[90,132],"caution":[92],"In":[99],"general,":[100],"nonsteroidal":[101],"anti-inflammatory":[102],"drugs":[103],"avoided;":[106],"acetaminophen":[107],"a":[109],"dosage":[110],"below":[111],"2":[112],"g":[113],"per":[114],"day":[115],"safest":[118],"choice.":[119],"Many":[120],"herbal":[121],"remedies":[122],"potentially":[124],"hepatotoxic,":[125],"only":[127],"milk":[128],"thistle":[129],"safely":[133],"who":[136],"have":[137],"Weight":[141],"reduction":[142],"exercise":[144],"improve":[146],"function":[148],"fatty":[152],"liver.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
