{"id":"https://openalex.org/W401592862","doi":null,"title":"Disfluency as... er... delay: An investigation into the immediate and lasting consequences of disfluency and temporal delay using EEG and mixed-effects modelling","display_name":"Disfluency as... er... delay: An investigation into the immediate and lasting consequences of disfluency and temporal delay using EEG and mixed-effects modelling","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W401592862","mag":"401592862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/21809","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21809","pdf_url":"http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21809/1/J.Bouwsema_Ph.D.Thesis_October2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21809/1/J.Bouwsema_Ph.D.Thesis_October2014.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063691678","display_name":"Jennifer A. E. Bouwsema","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer A. E. Bouwsema","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063691678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.8032000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.8032000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.17149999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-disfluency","display_name":"disfluency","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ers","display_name":"ERS","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay","display_name":"time delay","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n400","display_name":"N400","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence-predictability","display_name":"sentence predictability","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/listener-expectations","display_name":"listener expectations","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-related-potentials","display_name":"event-related potentials","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-perception","display_name":"speech perception","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-effects","display_name":"context effects","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"word recognition","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-effects-models","display_name":"mixed models","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-repetition","display_name":"speech repetition","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-hesitations","display_name":"speech hesitations","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-repair","display_name":"speech repair","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5206988453865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.49665623903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41588449478149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34214770793914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.336791455745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16988104581832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16431796550750732}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/21809","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21809","pdf_url":"http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21809/1/J.Bouwsema_Ph.D.Thesis_October2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2587965423","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21809/1/J.Bouwsema_Ph.D.Thesis_October2014.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:401592862","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21809","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/21809","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21809","pdf_url":"http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21809/1/J.Bouwsema_Ph.D.Thesis_October2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W401592862.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W401592862.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129919922","https://openalex.org/W842093327","https://openalex.org/W1536620489","https://openalex.org/W1571144263","https://openalex.org/W1572058604","https://openalex.org/W1578662650","https://openalex.org/W1592805114","https://openalex.org/W1633992683","https://openalex.org/W1671448357","https://openalex.org/W1676198469","https://openalex.org/W1892454563","https://openalex.org/W1905998411","https://openalex.org/W1964817481","https://openalex.org/W1972491067","https://openalex.org/W1975750950","https://openalex.org/W1976705823","https://openalex.org/W1979022765","https://openalex.org/W1979641823","https://openalex.org/W1981541430","https://openalex.org/W1986852933","https://openalex.org/W1989909295","https://openalex.org/W1991139021","https://openalex.org/W1998453217","https://openalex.org/W1998935411","https://openalex.org/W2000387713","https://openalex.org/W2003476194","https://openalex.org/W2004415003","https://openalex.org/W2006471401","https://openalex.org/W2006815061","https://openalex.org/W2006906580","https://openalex.org/W2007467151","https://openalex.org/W2008060633","https://openalex.org/W2013265405","https://openalex.org/W2016760949","https://openalex.org/W2018548773","https://openalex.org/W2019921249","https://openalex.org/W2021975304","https://openalex.org/W2022432538","https://openalex.org/W2027178315","https://openalex.org/W2032604151","https://openalex.org/W2032946087","https://openalex.org/W2033132417","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2041221140","https://openalex.org/W2046106425","https://openalex.org/W2046330369","https://openalex.org/W2049087478","https://openalex.org/W2049984429","https://openalex.org/W2052471278","https://openalex.org/W2055440088","https://openalex.org/W2059100257","https://openalex.org/W2059245132","https://openalex.org/W2061145654","https://openalex.org/W2063311440","https://openalex.org/W2068090989","https://openalex.org/W2077630439","https://openalex.org/W2077694950","https://openalex.org/W2079833689","https://openalex.org/W2082389970","https://openalex.org/W2083135964","https://openalex.org/W2083679487","https://openalex.org/W2086213036","https://openalex.org/W2086834297","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2088679085","https://openalex.org/W2090056988","https://openalex.org/W2091134544","https://openalex.org/W2092435433","https://openalex.org/W2092444819","https://openalex.org/W2093527506","https://openalex.org/W2095263712","https://openalex.org/W2095928657","https://openalex.org/W2096773373","https://openalex.org/W2097914860","https://openalex.org/W2102202224","https://openalex.org/W2104236620","https://openalex.org/W2116581177","https://openalex.org/W2117912679","https://openalex.org/W2118320651","https://openalex.org/W2118382933","https://openalex.org/W2120932277","https://openalex.org/W2122076981","https://openalex.org/W2125001590","https://openalex.org/W2126278017","https://openalex.org/W2140615673","https://openalex.org/W2141138276","https://openalex.org/W2141845152","https://openalex.org/W2152839867","https://openalex.org/W2154399314","https://openalex.org/W2157858779","https://openalex.org/W2158647686","https://openalex.org/W2164794371","https://openalex.org/W2167574726","https://openalex.org/W2170272068","https://openalex.org/W2171498497","https://openalex.org/W2260250847","https://openalex.org/W2415920132","https://openalex.org/W2613456994","https://openalex.org/W3112717819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516491283","https://openalex.org/W2187462585","https://openalex.org/W2077630439","https://openalex.org/W2164794371","https://openalex.org/W2006906580","https://openalex.org/W7098021879","https://openalex.org/W7100763841","https://openalex.org/W2216254208","https://openalex.org/W1989909295","https://openalex.org/W2499259204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Difficulties":[0],"in":[1,69,86,166,196,212,282,333,347,360,377,397,466,470,496,510,537,583,636,645,657],"speech":[2,48,437,646],"production":[3],"are":[4,28,445],"often":[5],"marked":[6],"by":[7,81,93,163,203,207,277,421,503],"disfluency;":[8],"fillers,":[9],"hesitations,":[10],"prolongations,":[11],"repetitions":[12],"and":[13,32,96,111,238,266,385,416,439,547,599,601],"repairs.":[14],"In":[15,129],"recent":[16],"years":[17],"a":[18,170,191,251,324,334,422,544,550],"body":[19],"of":[20,133,155,169,235,263,272,289,294,304,312,410,463,473,484,515,522,559,576,613,618],"work":[21,502],"has":[22],"emerged":[23],"that":[24,26,33,116,173,269,430,442,453,481,538,640],"demonstrates":[25],"listeners":[27,121,330],"sensitive":[29],"to":[30,46,55,90,119,140,147,240,309,327,435,450,468,478,506,518,555,566,592,606],"disfluency,":[31,469],"this":[34,70,113,497,548,603,637],"affects":[35],"their":[36,44,378],"expectations":[37],"for":[38,61,106,200,257,382,489,569,597],"upcoming":[39],"speech,":[40],"as":[41,43,114,250,563,580],"well":[42,447],"attention":[45,434],"the":[47,53,117,130,148,157,167,174,226,233,243,258,261,270,278,292,295,302,310,318,344,348,361,407,436,440,451,461,471,479,511,523,557,574,590,607,610,616,630,633],"stream.":[49],"This":[50],"thesis":[51,71,498,638],"investigates":[52],"extent":[54,118],"which":[56,87,120,183,213,341,355,373,394,412,418,554],"delay":[57,164,642],"may":[58,486],"be":[59,161,248,487],"responsible":[60,488],"triggering":[62,490],"these":[63,305,491],"effects.":[64,492],"\\n":[65,179,322,493,627],"\\nThe":[66,180,494],"experiments":[67],"reported":[68,101,635],"build":[72],"on":[73,225,291,317,553,620],"an":[74,102,127,273,564],"Event":[75],"Related":[76],"Potential":[77],"(ERP)":[78],"paradigm":[79],"developed":[80],"Corley":[82,98,141],"et":[83,99,142,426],"al.,":[84,427],"(2007),":[85],"participants":[88],"listened":[89],"sentences":[91,362],"manipulated":[92],"both":[94],"fluency":[95,223,290,619],"predictability.":[97],"al.":[100],"attenuated":[103,474],"N400":[104,197,227,296,319,475,621],"effect":[105,198,288,297,316,617],"words":[107,201,340,346,354,372,393,411,444],"following":[108,126],"disfluent":[109,149,185,398,415],"ers,":[110],"interpreted":[112],"indicating":[115,172],"made":[122,536],"predictions":[123],"was":[124,176,298,403,535],"reduced":[125],"er.":[128],"current":[131],"set":[132],"experiments,":[134],"various":[135],"noisy":[136,423,455],"interruptions":[137],"were":[138,215,366,387,419,541],"added":[139],"al.,'s":[143],"paradigm,":[144,546],"time":[145],"matched":[146],"fillers.":[150],"These":[151],"manipulations":[152],"allowed":[153],"investigation":[154],"whether":[156,242,313],"same":[158],"effects":[159,224,476,530,596],"could":[160,247,432],"triggered":[162],"alone,":[165],"absence":[168,472],"cue":[171],"speaker":[175,218],"experiencing":[177],"difficulty.":[178],"first":[181],"experiment,":[182,211],"contrasted":[184,216],"ers":[186,204,214],"with":[187,217,352],"artificial":[188],"beeps,":[189],"revealed":[190,221],"small":[192],"but":[193,205,651],"significant":[194],"reduction":[195],"amplitude":[199,622],"affected":[202,276,420],"not":[206,357,653],"beeps.":[208],"The":[209],"second":[210,325],"generated":[219,542,582],"coughs,":[220],"no":[222,287,404,624],"effect.":[228],"A":[229],"third":[230],"experiment":[231,517],"combined":[232],"designs":[234],"Experiments":[236,264,383],"1":[237,265,384],"2":[239,267],"verify":[241],"difference":[244,259,405],"between":[245,260,406],"them":[246],"characterised":[249],"context":[252],"effect;":[253],"one":[254],"potential":[255],"explanation":[256],"outcomes":[262],"is":[268,275,320,604,623],"interpretation":[271],"er":[274],"surrounding":[279],"stimuli.":[280],"However,":[281],"Experiment":[283,614],"3,":[284],"once":[285],"again":[286],"magnitude":[293],"found.":[299],"Taken":[300],"together,":[301,629],"results":[303,631],"three":[306],"studies":[307,495,634],"lead":[308],"question":[311],"er's":[314],"attenuation":[315],"robust.":[321],"\\nIn":[323],"part":[326,332],"each":[328,516],"study,":[329],"took":[331],"surprise":[335],"recognition":[336,408],"memory":[337,464,512,524,529,539,585],"test,":[338],"comprising":[339],"had":[342,356,374,395,413],"been":[343,375,414],"critical":[345],"previous":[349,501],"task":[350],"intermixed":[351],"new":[353],"appeared":[358],"anywhere":[359],"previously":[363],"heard.":[364],"Participants":[365],"significantly":[367,388],"more":[368,389],"successful":[369,390],"at":[370,391],"recognising":[371,392],"unpredictable":[376],"contexts,":[379],"and,":[380],"importantly,":[381],"2,":[386],"featured":[396],"or":[399,643],"interrupted":[400,443],"sentences.":[401],"There":[402],"rates":[409],"those":[417,581],"interruption.":[424],"Collard":[425],"(2008)":[428],"demonstrated":[429],"disfluency":[431,545],"raise":[433,458],"stream,":[438],"finding":[441,462],"equally":[446],"remembered":[448],"leads":[449,477],"suggestion":[452,480],"any":[454],"interruption":[456],"can":[457,647],"attention.":[459],"Overall,":[460],"benefits":[465],"response":[467],"different":[482],"elements":[483],"disfluencies":[485],"also":[499],"extend":[500],"being":[504],"designed":[505],"yield":[507],"enough":[508],"trials":[509],"test":[513],"portion":[514],"permit":[519],"ERP":[520,528],"analysis":[521,568,575],"data.":[525],"Whilst":[526],"clear":[527],"remained":[531],"elusive,":[532],"important":[533],"progress":[534],"ERPs":[540,608],"from":[543,609,632],"provided":[549],"testing":[551],"ground":[552],"demonstrate":[556,589],"use":[558],"linear":[560],"mixed-effects":[561],"modelling":[562],"alternative":[565],"ANOVA":[567],"ERPs.":[570],"Mixed-effects":[571],"models":[572],"allow":[573],"unbalanced":[577],"datasets,":[578],"such":[579],"many":[584],"experiments.":[586],"Additionally,":[587],"we":[588],"ability":[591],"include":[593],"crossed":[594],"random":[595],"subjects":[598],"items,":[600],"when":[602],"applied":[605],"listening":[611],"section":[612],"1,":[615],"longer":[625],"significant.":[626],"\\nTaken":[628],"suggest":[639],"temporal":[641],"disruption":[644],"trigger":[648,655],"raised":[649],"attention,":[650],"do":[652],"necessarily":[654],"changes":[656],"listeners'":[658],"expectations.":[659]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
