{"id":"https://openalex.org/W396354713","doi":null,"title":"Relationships in Aging, Cognitive Processes, and Contingency Learning","display_name":"Relationships in Aging, Cognitive Processes, and Contingency Learning","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W396354713","mag":"396354713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:theses-1262","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/259","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1262&context=theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196460","display_name":"TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","host_organization_name":"Western Kentucky University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters Theses & Specialist Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1262&context=theses","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090983194","display_name":"Sarah Reeder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Reeder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090983194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.2863999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.2863999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.2386000007390976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.23330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-learning","display_name":"contingency learning","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-judgment","display_name":"contingency judgment","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-speed","display_name":"processing speed","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-memory","display_name":"associative memory","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-learning","display_name":"associative learning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-reasoning","display_name":"inductive reasoning","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-testing","display_name":"hypothesis testing","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences-in-cognition","display_name":"age differences in cognition","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/d-score","display_name":"D-score","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5412757396697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5314295291900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43906208872795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3653520941734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:theses-1262","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/259","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1262&context=theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196460","display_name":"TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","host_organization_name":"Western Kentucky University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters Theses & Specialist Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:396354713","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1262&context=theses","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:theses-1262","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/259","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1262&context=theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196460","display_name":"TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","host_organization_name":"Western Kentucky University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters Theses & Specialist Projects","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W396354713.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588642423","https://openalex.org/W2003503601","https://openalex.org/W2083540942","https://openalex.org/W6907219104","https://openalex.org/W2073933846","https://openalex.org/W2040836559","https://openalex.org/W2145050299","https://openalex.org/W2060296115","https://openalex.org/W2024585113","https://openalex.org/W2150835938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,457],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,14,37,74,94,129,145,155,180,195,216,225,252,259,262,287,299,319,382,389,404,427,438,491],"influence":[4],"of":[5,16,76,154,286,326,353],"age,":[6],"processing":[7,77,100,277],"speed,":[8,78,101],"working":[9,79,102,207,245,376,386,409,444,459],"memory,and":[10],"associative":[11,82,85,105,107,187,202,276,320,342,359,483],"processes":[12,360],"on":[13,128,133,234,339,392],"acquisition":[15],"contingency":[17,29,54,57,60,113,134,147,173,182,197,218,237,290,301,316,332,354,368,452,476,486],"information.":[18],"Young":[19,123],"and":[20,26,44,56,84,96,109,111,115,119,132,136,161,171,192,219,222,239,264,270,292,334,361,397,421,433,454,474,485],"older":[21,120,126,162,205,235,265,414,428,442,465],"adults":[22,124,127,163,466],"completed":[23],"positive":[24,110,146,196,226,269,331,420,432,473],"(+.65)":[25],"negative":[27,112,150,172,181,217,271,300,315,422,434,475],"(-.65)":[28],"tasks":[30,71,131,484],"that":[31,72,241,274,304,349,381,437,448],"measured":[32],"their":[33,190,213,220,375,385,393,450,470],"ability":[34,394,416],"to":[35,68,92,374,395,412,417],"discover":[36],"relationship":[38,166],"between":[39,99,167,261,482],"a":[40,45],"symptom":[41],"(e.g.,":[42,48],"FEVER)":[43],"fictional":[46],"disease":[47],"OLYALGIA).":[49],"Both":[50],"d'":[51],"scores,":[52],"i.e.,":[53,59],"learning,":[55,108,188],"estimates,":[58],"judgment,":[61],"were":[62,65,142],"examined.":[63],"Participants":[64],"also":[66,467],"asked":[67],"complete":[69],"cognitive":[70,130,169],"measure":[73],"constructs":[75],"memory":[80,103,208,246,377,387,410,445,460],"resources,":[81,104],"memory,":[83,106],"learning.":[86,174],"Structural":[87],"equation":[88,157],"modeling":[89],"was":[90,183,198,242,370],"used":[91],"examine":[93],"direct":[95,480],"indirect":[97,232],"relationships":[98,481],"learning":[114,135,191,221,238,291,321,333,355,453,487],"judgment":[116,137,178,193,214,223,240,317,335,455],"for":[117,144,149,159,179,194,215,224,268,284,298,431,464,472,490],"young":[118,160,176,253,263,295,492],"adult":[121,429,493],"groups.":[122],"outperformed":[125],"tasks.":[138],"However,":[139,175],"age":[140,405],"differences":[141,250],"smaller":[143],"than":[148],"contingency.":[151,227],"A":[152],"comparison":[153],"structural":[156],"models":[158,255,267,297,430,471],"showed":[164],"no":[165],"any":[168],"construct":[170],"adults'":[177,236,254,266,296,366,415,443],"directly":[184,199,211,372],"influenced":[185,200,212],"by":[186,201,244],"while":[189,275],"memory.":[203],"For":[204],"adults,":[206],"executive":[209,247,378,446,461],"function":[210],"Processing":[228],"speed":[229],"had":[230],"an":[231,350],"effect":[233,391],"mediated":[243],"functioning.":[248],"The":[249,294,344,424],"in":[251,289,314,384,408,441],"as":[256,258,309,488],"well":[257],"difference":[260],"contingencies":[272,435],"suggest":[273,348],"is":[278],"important,":[279],"it":[280],"may":[281],"not":[282,478],"account":[283],"all":[285],"variation":[288],"judgment.":[293],"task":[302,322],"indicates":[303],"higher":[305],"level":[306,325],"processes,":[307],"such":[308],"inductive":[310,362],"reasoning,":[311],"maybe":[312],"involved":[313],"because":[318],"required":[323],"some":[324],"hypothesis":[327],"testing.":[328],"In":[329,402],"contrast,":[330],"could":[336],"rely":[337],"primarily":[338],"more":[340],"basic":[341,458],"processes.":[343,364],"present":[345],"findings":[346],"therefore":[347],"overall":[351,451],"model":[352],"must":[356],"include":[357],"both":[358,419],"reasoning":[363],"Older":[365],"general":[367],"performance":[369],"most":[371],"related":[373,406],"functioning,":[379],"suggesting":[380],"decline":[383,407],"has":[388],"strongest":[390],"acquire":[396,418],"use":[398],"information":[399],"about":[400],"contingencies.":[401,423],"fact,":[403],"seems":[411],"affect":[413],"similarities":[425],"across":[426],"indicate":[436],"underlying":[439],"deficit":[440,463],"functioning":[447,462],"affects":[449],"performance.":[456],"explains":[468],"why":[469],"did":[477],"exhibit":[479],"observed":[489],"models.":[494]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}