{"id":"https://openalex.org/W394413853","doi":null,"title":"Kinetics of Lipid Extraction from Microalgae","display_name":"Kinetics of Lipid Extraction from Microalgae","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W394413853","mag":"394413853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:honors-1140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/139","pdf_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Honors Theses and Capstones","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/139","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038162135","display_name":"Brian O. McConnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-4813","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-4813"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"McConnell, Brian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Hampshire - Main Campus","University of New Hampshire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Hampshire - Main Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Hampshire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nichols, Brendan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nichols, Brendan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038162135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11844","display_name":"Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgal-lipid-extraction","display_name":"microalgal lipid extraction","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction-kinetics","display_name":"extraction kinetics","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-order-kinetic-model","display_name":"first-order kinetic model","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-hexane","display_name":"n-hexane","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-heptane","display_name":"n-heptane","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-toxicity","display_name":"solvent toxicity","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-diffusion","display_name":"lipid diffusion","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae","display_name":"microalgae","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuel-feedstock","display_name":"biofuel feedstock","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/batch-extraction","display_name":"batch extraction","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-constant","display_name":"time constant","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonpolar-solvents","display_name":"nonpolar solvents","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777854178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150668","display_name":"Heptane","level":2,"score":0.8652099967002869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150440","display_name":"Hexane","level":2,"score":0.8602094650268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.7680977582931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.7213624715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5839141607284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5238316655158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148898269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108792","display_name":"Kinetics","level":2,"score":0.501091480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.4613279402256012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2478259801864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1970064342021942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05688241124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:honors-1140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/139","pdf_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Honors Theses and Capstones","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:urc-1135","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/urc/134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"URC UNH Restricted","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:honors-1140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/139","pdf_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Honors Theses and Capstones","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W394413853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W394413853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18900671","https://openalex.org/W1533947775","https://openalex.org/W1810308534","https://openalex.org/W1968887754","https://openalex.org/W1975121276","https://openalex.org/W1984928630","https://openalex.org/W2002115218","https://openalex.org/W2004604118","https://openalex.org/W2017173385","https://openalex.org/W2025537653","https://openalex.org/W2050638292","https://openalex.org/W2056027923","https://openalex.org/W2061326818","https://openalex.org/W2082582023","https://openalex.org/W2101090803","https://openalex.org/W2107710344","https://openalex.org/W2116187211","https://openalex.org/W2149255208","https://openalex.org/W2153922477","https://openalex.org/W2156778513","https://openalex.org/W2168003071","https://openalex.org/W2262484632","https://openalex.org/W2344716514","https://openalex.org/W2789951631","https://openalex.org/W2797908844","https://openalex.org/W3144416204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2771068575","https://openalex.org/W2770292570","https://openalex.org/W2010596874","https://openalex.org/W2574196609","https://openalex.org/W2971068860","https://openalex.org/W2559943178","https://openalex.org/W2065563852","https://openalex.org/W2082582023","https://openalex.org/W2911143242","https://openalex.org/W2067204495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brian":[0],"McConnell,":[1],"BS":[2],"Honors":[3],"Thesis,":[4],"University":[5],"of":[6,13,46,72,120,122,138,157,178,235,244,266,279,296,344,357,369,379,385,394,408,420,451],"New":[7],"Hampshire":[8],"(UNH),":[9],"May":[10],"2013":[11],"Kinetics":[12],"the":[14,43,70,118,132,136,139,155,175,185,194,200,204,208,223,227,245,253,264,267,325,345,348,355,360,435,441,455,468,561,572,580,584,617],"Lipid":[15],"Extraction":[16],"from":[17,32,124,338,359,446],"Microalgae":[18,281],"Major":[19],"advisor:":[20],"Dr.":[21],"Ihab":[22],"H.":[23],"Farag,":[24],"Professor,":[25],"Chemical":[26],"Engineering":[27],"(UNH)":[28],"The":[29,75,213,242,318,330,351,551],"lipid":[30,65,158,179,292,488,503,525,547],"extraction":[31,44,66,121,140,195,319,373,437],"microalgae":[33,125,596],"is":[34,41,50,54,69,90,108,154,174,193,199,364,438,557,605,611],"relatively":[35],"energy-intensive,":[36],"time-consuming":[37],"and":[38,61,100,128,198,217,226,275,284,310,316,333,400,492,616],"costly.":[39],"Hexane":[40],"traditionally":[42],"solvent":[45,224,228,236,246,573],"choice.":[47],"However,":[48],"hexane":[49,99,127,309,363,442,459,472,556,594],"toxic.":[51],"Clearly":[52],"it":[53,564],"highly":[55],"desirable":[56],"to":[57,134,229,247,262,286,323,347,448,462,475,485,500,574,593,607,614],"develop":[58],"a":[59,81,109,276,303,339,414,589],"faster":[60,375,439],"environmentally":[62],"safer":[63,591],"microalgal":[64],"technique.":[67],"This":[68],"focus":[71],"this":[73],"project.":[74],"aims":[76],"are:":[77],"1Evaluate":[78],"heptane":[79,89,101,107,129,311,395,401,421,427,436,587,610],"as":[80],"substitute":[82],"for":[83,112,203,272,291,458,471,595],"hexane.":[84,94,113],"Both":[85],"are":[86],"non-polar,":[87],"but":[88,582],"less":[91,416],"toxic":[92],"than":[93,417,440,466,517,539,568],"Our":[95],"data":[96,116,133,295,346],"confirmed":[97],"that":[98,354,393,419,434,554],"extract":[102],"very":[103],"similar":[104],"material,":[105],"so":[106],"possible":[110],"replacement":[111],"2Collect":[114],"experimental":[115],"on":[117,222,252,302],"rate":[119],"lipids":[123,254,358,567],"using":[126,308],"then":[130],"use":[131],"determine":[135,608],"kinetics":[137,270],"process.":[141],"A":[142],"first":[143,268,327],"order":[144,269,328],"model":[145,271],"was":[146,257,260,282,321,374,390,397,402,413,423,428,514,536],"adopted,":[147],"\u03c4":[148],"dY/dt":[149],"=":[150,168,171,314,509,531],"(K-Y),":[151],"where":[152],"Y":[153,170,297],"g":[156,162,177,189,239,487,490,502,505,524,527,546,549],"extracted":[159,183,255],"per":[160,187,238],"100":[161,188],"dry":[163,190,230,240,248,289],"algae":[164,231,249,290,361,562,575],"(initially":[165],"at":[166,559],"t":[167,192,299],"0,":[169],"0),":[172],"K":[173],"maximum":[176,214,331,480,495,512,519,534,541],"which":[180],"can":[181],"be":[182],"in":[184],"process":[186,205,320],"algae,":[191],"time":[196,201,218,334,367,377,388,411,456,469],"(min),":[197],"constant":[202,219,335,389,412,457,470],"(min).":[206],"Solving":[207],"differential":[209],"equation":[210],"gives":[211],".":[212],"yield":[215,332,481,496,513,520,535,542],"(K)":[216],"(\u03c4)":[220],"depend":[221],"used":[225,237],"ratio":[232,250,576],"(R,":[233],"mL":[234],"algae).":[241,506,528,550],"effect":[243],"(R)":[251,577],"(Y)":[256],"studied.":[258],"It":[259],"important":[261],"establish":[263],"validity":[265],"both":[273],"solvents":[274],"large":[277],"range":[278],"R.":[280,619],"grown":[283],"harvested":[285],"supply":[287],"enough":[288],"extractions.":[293],"Experimental":[294],"vs.":[298,522,544],"were":[300,336],"collected":[301],"bench":[304],"scale":[305],"batch":[306],"extractor,":[307],"with":[312,366,376],"R":[313,384,407,445,508,530],"5":[315,447,510],"30.":[317],"found":[322],"follow":[324],"assumed":[326],"model.":[329,350],"determined":[337],"least":[340],"square":[341],"error":[342],"fit":[343],"proposed":[349],"results":[352,552],"show":[353,553],"diffusion":[356],"into":[362],"slow":[365],"constants":[368,378],"10-20":[370],"minutes.":[371,381],"Heptane":[372],"27":[380],"For":[382,405,507,529],"an":[383,406,600],"5,":[386],"hexane\u2019s":[387,410,479,511,533],"five":[391],"times":[392],"(hexane":[396,422],"10":[398],"min":[399,425,461,474],"2":[403],"min).":[404,430],"30,":[409,532],"little":[415],"triple":[418],"20":[424,463],"while":[426,555],"7":[429,476],"These":[431],"values":[432],"confirm":[433],"extraction.":[443,598],"Increasing":[444],"30":[449],"(factor":[450],"6),":[452],"roughly":[453],"doubled":[454],"(10":[460],"min),":[464,477],"more":[465,566],"tripled":[467],"(2":[473],"increased":[478,493],"by":[482,497],"42%":[483],"(2.75":[484,521],"3.90":[486],"extracted/100":[489,504,526,548],"algae),":[491],"heptane\u2019s":[494,518,540],"45%":[498],"(1.80":[499],"2.61":[501,545],"53%":[515],"larger":[516,538],"1.80":[523],"49%":[537],"(3.90":[543],"slower":[558],"extracting":[560],"lipids,":[563],"extracts":[565],"heptane.":[569],"Similarly,":[570],"increasing":[571],"slows":[578],"down":[579],"extraction,":[581],"increases":[583],"yield.":[585],"Technically,":[586],"offers":[588],"potential":[590],"alternative":[592],"oil":[597],"From":[599],"engineering":[601],"standpoint,":[602],"further":[603],"research":[604],"needed":[606],"if":[609],"economically":[612],"superior":[613],"hexane,":[615],"optimum":[618]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
