{"id":"https://openalex.org/W39330178","doi":null,"title":"Population genetic history of the British roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and its implications for diversity and fitness","display_name":"Population genetic history of the British roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and its implications for diversity and fitness","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W39330178","mag":"39330178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:897","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/897/1/final_complete_thesis_%28Karis_Baker%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/897/1/final_complete_thesis_%28Karis_Baker%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/897/1/final_complete_thesis_%28Karis_Baker%29.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082364053","display_name":"Karis H. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7897-9490","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7897-9490"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karis Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7897-9490","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082364053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roe-deer","display_name":"roe deer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-genetic-history","display_name":"population genetic history","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-dna","display_name":"mitochondrial DNA","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsatellite-markers","display_name":"microsatellite markers","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation-by-distance","display_name":"isolation by distance","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-bottleneck","display_name":"population bottleneck","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skull-morphology","display_name":"skull morphology","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cranial-allometry","display_name":"cranial allometry","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-shape","display_name":"head shape","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779552062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122069","display_name":"Roe deer","level":2,"score":0.8988794088363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778226015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043583","display_name":"Capreolus","level":3,"score":0.7866101861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105878827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041929","display_name":"Colonisation","level":3,"score":0.6932525634765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5514130592346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5371130108833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15739521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602963","display_name":"Glacial period","level":2,"score":0.4926918148994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123588078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763","display_name":"Peninsula","level":2,"score":0.4910311698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46541322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864812","display_name":"Land bridge","level":4,"score":0.48731860518455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.42547979950904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.35982733964920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2652287483215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.26048535108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776927270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815962","display_name":"Colonization","level":2,"score":0.16610965132713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47559259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143","display_name":"Biological dispersal","level":3,"score":0.13112705945968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.10240724682807922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:897","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/897/1/final_complete_thesis_%28Karis_Baker%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/897/1/final_complete_thesis_%28Karis_Baker%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/981758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/981758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.dur.ac.uk:897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/897/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:39330178","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/897/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:897","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/897/1/final_complete_thesis_%28Karis_Baker%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/897/1/final_complete_thesis_%28Karis_Baker%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W39330178.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W39330178.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":266,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84171957","https://openalex.org/W143598560","https://openalex.org/W606389216","https://openalex.org/W613491057","https://openalex.org/W618189762","https://openalex.org/W649687765","https://openalex.org/W1158384886","https://openalex.org/W1481179309","https://openalex.org/W1483237037","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1496558964","https://openalex.org/W1499500424","https://openalex.org/W1504562926","https://openalex.org/W1508875727","https://openalex.org/W1509020738","https://openalex.org/W1511877202","https://openalex.org/W1527518658","https://openalex.org/W1539494699","https://openalex.org/W1542819817","https://openalex.org/W1544815196","https://openalex.org/W1545604506","https://openalex.org/W1545658946","https://openalex.org/W1559657398","https://openalex.org/W1566107011","https://openalex.org/W1573234480","https://openalex.org/W1771404712","https://openalex.org/W1793793548","https://openalex.org/W1836702488","https://openalex.org/W1839788593","https://openalex.org/W1847156423","https://openalex.org/W1898373927","https://openalex.org/W1907733689","https://openalex.org/W1915699870","https://openalex.org/W1917797891","https://openalex.org/W1919772617","https://openalex.org/W1932370964","https://openalex.org/W1939346899","https://openalex.org/W1946395217","https://openalex.org/W1955995897","https://openalex.org/W1966693903","https://openalex.org/W1969315113","https://openalex.org/W1969861256","https://openalex.org/W1970592097","https://openalex.org/W1970932625","https://openalex.org/W1975002448","https://openalex.org/W1976886569","https://openalex.org/W1979983361","https://openalex.org/W1981981738","https://openalex.org/W1982063602","https://openalex.org/W1988871918","https://openalex.org/W1989971198","https://openalex.org/W1991012986","https://openalex.org/W1997476591","https://openalex.org/W1999175526","https://openalex.org/W2000475203","https://openalex.org/W2000865031","https://openalex.org/W2002198462","https://openalex.org/W2003188204","https://openalex.org/W2004778468","https://openalex.org/W2008780819","https://openalex.org/W2008841720","https://openalex.org/W2008860175","https://openalex.org/W2011007849","https://openalex.org/W2012783789","https://openalex.org/W2012862952","https://openalex.org/W2012959412","https://openalex.org/W2013022273","https://openalex.org/W2014456633","https://openalex.org/W2016034307","https://openalex.org/W2017502738","https://openalex.org/W2020571826","https://openalex.org/W2021016069","https://openalex.org/W2021763126","https://openalex.org/W2024727020","https://openalex.org/W2025649988","https://openalex.org/W2029483411","https://openalex.org/W2029573052","https://openalex.org/W2029664127","https://openalex.org/W2031906162","https://openalex.org/W2032301833","https://openalex.org/W2035164312","https://openalex.org/W2035893802","https://openalex.org/W2036541287","https://openalex.org/W2037045536","https://openalex.org/W2037628740","https://openalex.org/W2037878144","https://openalex.org/W2037882155","https://openalex.org/W2039907346","https://openalex.org/W2041947822","https://openalex.org/W2043070718","https://openalex.org/W2044375460","https://openalex.org/W2045491154","https://openalex.org/W2045573185","https://openalex.org/W2046042823","https://openalex.org/W2046062863","https://openalex.org/W2047100531","https://openalex.org/W2049065348","https://openalex.org/W2049558415","https://openalex.org/W2050019843","https://openalex.org/W2050555578","https://openalex.org/W2052061673","https://openalex.org/W2053036630","https://openalex.org/W2053248633","https://openalex.org/W2053686167","https://openalex.org/W2056155597","https://openalex.org/W2057085122","https://openalex.org/W2058532318","https://openalex.org/W2059147403","https://openalex.org/W2061447902","https://openalex.org/W2061688736","https://openalex.org/W2062584673","https://openalex.org/W2063592200","https://openalex.org/W2063668627","https://openalex.org/W2064491244","https://openalex.org/W2065363166","https://openalex.org/W2065871521","https://openalex.org/W2067770218","https://openalex.org/W2068365581","https://openalex.org/W2072474916","https://openalex.org/W2074326551","https://openalex.org/W2074654585","https://openalex.org/W2075486348","https://openalex.org/W2075923653","https://openalex.org/W2076538267","https://openalex.org/W2077053002","https://openalex.org/W2080618944","https://openalex.org/W2080647312","https://openalex.org/W2081800440","https://openalex.org/W2082928585","https://openalex.org/W2083373139","https://openalex.org/W2084785241","https://openalex.org/W2086492866","https://openalex.org/W2088238164","https://openalex.org/W2089457733","https://openalex.org/W2089717322","https://openalex.org/W2089955461","https://openalex.org/W2091269945","https://openalex.org/W2092512759","https://openalex.org/W2092613863","https://openalex.org/W2092963097","https://openalex.org/W2093824872","https://openalex.org/W2094286876","https://openalex.org/W2094394939","https://openalex.org/W2094558244","https://openalex.org/W2094902224","https://openalex.org/W2096026882","https://openalex.org/W2096420865","https://openalex.org/W2096881888","https://openalex.org/W2097664006","https://openalex.org/W2098126593","https://openalex.org/W2100017604","https://openalex.org/W2100444509","https://openalex.org/W2101294025","https://openalex.org/W2102234847","https://openalex.org/W2102537615","https://openalex.org/W2102955505","https://openalex.org/W2105762979","https://openalex.org/W2105950028","https://openalex.org/W2107078352","https://openalex.org/W2107518619","https://openalex.org/W2107964243","https://openalex.org/W2108135540","https://openalex.org/W2108434896","https://openalex.org/W2109334184","https://openalex.org/W2110212983","https://openalex.org/W2110481174","https://openalex.org/W2110835349","https://openalex.org/W2110837654","https://openalex.org/W2111090100","https://openalex.org/W2111656439","https://openalex.org/W2111737695","https://openalex.org/W2111813513","https://openalex.org/W2112621018","https://openalex.org/W2112705788","https://openalex.org/W2115688047","https://openalex.org/W2115837217","https://openalex.org/W2117762450","https://openalex.org/W2118992831","https://openalex.org/W2119808464","https://openalex.org/W2119894085","https://openalex.org/W2119922162","https://openalex.org/W2120130822","https://openalex.org/W2121669472","https://openalex.org/W2122653427","https://openalex.org/W2122704223","https://openalex.org/W2123911579","https://openalex.org/W2124532543","https://openalex.org/W2125749800","https://openalex.org/W2125867410","https://openalex.org/W2126656958","https://openalex.org/W2126892918","https://openalex.org/W2127286458","https://openalex.org/W2127358442","https://openalex.org/W2127734483","https://openalex.org/W2128590008","https://openalex.org/W2131681278","https://openalex.org/W2131839518","https://openalex.org/W2132240241","https://openalex.org/W2134943946","https://openalex.org/W2135198859","https://openalex.org/W2136045930","https://openalex.org/W2136949012","https://openalex.org/W2137015675","https://openalex.org/W2138708891","https://openalex.org/W2139284516","https://openalex.org/W2140211136","https://openalex.org/W2141404448","https://openalex.org/W2141567528","https://openalex.org/W2143157783","https://openalex.org/W2143354455","https://openalex.org/W2147071859","https://openalex.org/W2148581353","https://openalex.org/W2150477652","https://openalex.org/W2150933014","https://openalex.org/W2151565565","https://openalex.org/W2152198622","https://openalex.org/W2153610654","https://openalex.org/W2153777689","https://openalex.org/W2154548839","https://openalex.org/W2154902192","https://openalex.org/W2154902244","https://openalex.org/W2156141960","https://openalex.org/W2156337063","https://openalex.org/W2158364367","https://openalex.org/W2159056064","https://openalex.org/W2163065030","https://openalex.org/W2163656539","https://openalex.org/W2164109844","https://openalex.org/W2164533111","https://openalex.org/W2164626913","https://openalex.org/W2164641634","https://openalex.org/W2164733008","https://openalex.org/W2165444284","https://openalex.org/W2165447175","https://openalex.org/W2166000431","https://openalex.org/W2166180582","https://openalex.org/W2167243456","https://openalex.org/W2167450142","https://openalex.org/W2167464793","https://openalex.org/W2170190079","https://openalex.org/W2170328376","https://openalex.org/W2171463101","https://openalex.org/W2171561017","https://openalex.org/W2172689231","https://openalex.org/W2172980820","https://openalex.org/W2174365492","https://openalex.org/W2185839905","https://openalex.org/W2248754502","https://openalex.org/W2253414912","https://openalex.org/W2264965713","https://openalex.org/W2267914199","https://openalex.org/W2312972869","https://openalex.org/W2314906982","https://openalex.org/W2315101378","https://openalex.org/W2318381741","https://openalex.org/W2319462502","https://openalex.org/W2321705177","https://openalex.org/W2322443534","https://openalex.org/W2331147878","https://openalex.org/W2333031988","https://openalex.org/W2470890847","https://openalex.org/W2478038991","https://openalex.org/W2897834185","https://openalex.org/W2971318137","https://openalex.org/W3188357708","https://openalex.org/W4239149238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046980446","https://openalex.org/W2139284516","https://openalex.org/W4285590481","https://openalex.org/W4388496959","https://openalex.org/W6948175689","https://openalex.org/W1917797891","https://openalex.org/W2039854710","https://openalex.org/W2089717322","https://openalex.org/W4280644605","https://openalex.org/W4407614104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103,255,372,462,489,578,592],"first":[1,271],"part":[2,257],"of":[3,56,105,121,209,258,264,277,323,407,422,464,492,527,541,570,581,594,599,614,618,626,633,637,648],"this":[4,259,265,353,391,509],"study":[5,260],"examined":[6,480,621,644],"post":[7,90,150],"glacial":[8,91,151],"recolonisation":[9],"by":[10,192,218,318,325,344,693],"UK":[11,66,81,122,210,297],"roe.":[12],"Previous":[13],"studies":[14],"established":[15],"three":[16],"main":[17],"roe":[18,47,123,126,153,175,196,222,293,314,339,373,458,473,619],"deer":[19,48],"lineages":[20],"exist":[21],"across":[22,38,295,652,681],"Europe:":[23],"a":[24,33,52,68,89,106,117,274,359,442],"western":[25,380,425],"(Iberian":[26],"Peninsula),":[27],"an":[28,100,631],"eastern":[29,101],"(Balkan":[30],"region)":[31],"and":[32,64,184,211,239,287,301,308,328,363,452,469,523,530,573,610,639,655,670],"central":[34,39,86],"lineage":[35],"(which":[36],"spans":[37],"Europe).":[40],"It":[41],"was":[42,71,110,270,350,366,382,494,620],"unknown":[43],"which":[44,109,401],"group":[45,505],"British":[46],"populations":[49,82,474,484,516,534,561,575,597,654,682],"belonged.":[50],"Using":[51],"419":[53,539],"bp":[54,276,540],"region":[55,282],"the":[57,85,139,143,165,171,193,219,228,244,262,278,296,378,404,420,423,434,497,502,514,567,576,612,646],"mt-DNA":[58,279,542],"d-loop":[59],"(HVR1)":[60],"amplified":[61],"from":[62,124,205,234,248,251,291,294,397,411],"ancient":[63,528],"modern":[65,292,483,531],"samples":[67],"direct":[69],"comparison":[70],"made":[72,536],"with":[73,448,501,557],"previously":[74,431],"published":[75],"European":[76],"data.":[77],"Results":[78,303,546],"showed":[79,389,547],"that":[80,93,377,390,419,456],"belong":[83],"to":[84,96,112,156,181,199,224,298,333,358,369,520,565,606,667,687],"lineage,":[87],"indicating":[88],"re-colonisation":[92,250],"is":[94,427],"likely":[95],"have":[97,157,200,231,355,603],"occurred":[98],"via":[99],"route.":[102],"estimation":[104],"substitution":[107],"rate,":[108],"applied":[111],"coalescent":[113],"based":[114,304,485,537],"methods,":[115],"detected":[116,495],"signal":[118],"for":[119,142],"divergence":[120],"continental":[125],"at":[127,645],"5,600":[128],"YBP":[129],"(HPD":[130],"3,500":[131],"-":[132],"11,":[133],"200":[134],"YBP),":[135],"not":[136,678],"long":[137],"after":[138],"proposed":[140,399],"date":[141],"land":[144],"bridge":[145],"split":[146],"(7,500":[147],"YBP).":[148],"Since":[149],"re-colonisation,":[152],"were":[154,188,197,459,475,535,562,643],"known":[155],"undergone":[158],"severe":[159,177,190],"fluctuations":[160],"in":[161,214,227,243,347,384,482,496,550,661],"population":[162,381,392,426,437,580,608,674,695],"size.":[163],"Perhaps":[164],"most":[166],"significant":[167],"fluctuation":[168],"began":[169,223],"during":[170],"medieval":[172,467,558],"period,":[173],"when":[174],"suffered":[176],"declines":[178,187,468],"(bottlenecking)":[179],"due":[180,357],"over":[182],"hunting":[183],"deforestation.":[185],"These":[186],"so":[189],"that,":[191],"16th":[194],"century,":[195],"believed":[198],"been":[201,356,604,691],"extirpated":[202],"(locally":[203],"extinct)":[204],"all":[206,653],"southern":[207,334,338,436,574,579],"areas":[208],"considered":[212],"scarce":[213],"northern":[215,370],"areas.":[216],"However,":[217],"19th":[220],"century":[221],"recover.":[225],"Recovery":[226],"south":[229,379,424],"may":[230,354,417],"resulted":[232,247],"solely":[233],"re-introductions":[235],"(involving":[236],"both":[237,306,450],"native":[238,253,383],"non-native":[240,443,590],"stocks)":[241],"whilst,":[242],"north,":[245],"recovery":[246],"natural":[249],"remnant":[252],"stocks.":[254],"second":[256],"investigated":[261,272],"impacts":[263,463,593],"more":[266,341,428],"recent":[267,319,345],"history.":[268,696],"This":[269],"using":[273,622],"750":[275],"d":[280,543],"loop":[281],"(HVR),":[283],"16":[284,487],"microsatellite":[285],"loci":[286],"18":[288],"skull":[289,628],"traits":[290,629],"examine":[299],"structure":[300],"diversity.":[302],"on":[305,472,486,538,596],"DNA":[307],"morphology":[309],"revealed":[310],"strong":[311],"differentiation.":[312],"Northern":[313,560],"appeared":[315,340],"least":[316],"impacted":[317,343,692],"events;":[320,346],"maintaining":[321],"patterns":[322],"isolation":[324],"distance":[326],"(IBD)":[327],"high":[329],"genetic":[330,364,408,451,551,640],"diversity":[331,365,552,641],"(compared":[332,368],"populations).":[335,371],"In":[336,446],"contrast,":[337],"strongly":[342],"particular,":[348],"IBD":[349],"non-significant":[351],"(although":[352],"sample":[360],"size":[361,506],"effect)":[362],"lower":[367],"re-introduction":[374,439],"records":[375,440],"indicated":[376],"origin":[385],"(Perthshire).":[386],"Genetic":[387],"data":[388,454],"was,":[393],"however,":[394,664],"highly":[395,460],"differentiated":[396],"its":[398,589],"source;":[400],"could":[402],"reflect":[403],"powerful":[405],"impact":[406],"drift":[409],"resulting":[410],"small":[412,503],"founder":[413,470,504],"populations.":[414,657],"Alternatively,":[415],"it":[416],"be":[418,521,668],"ancestry":[421],"complex":[429],"than":[430],"assumed.":[432],"For":[433,513],"other":[435,515],"(Norfolk),":[438],"indicate":[441],"(German)":[444],"origin.":[445,591],"line":[447],"this,":[449],"morphological":[453],"implied":[455],"these":[457],"distinct.":[461],"bottlenecks":[465,595],"(including":[466],"events)":[471],"also":[476,563],"examined.":[477],"Bottleneck":[478],"analyses":[479],"\u2018signatures\u2019":[481],"microsatellites.":[488],"strongest":[490],"evidence":[491],"bottlenecking":[493],"Norfolk":[498,582],"population,":[499],"consistent":[500,556],"introduced":[507],"into":[508],"location":[510],"relatively":[511],"recently.":[512],"bottleneck":[517],"signatures":[518],"tended":[519,666],"weak":[522,669],"non-significant.":[524,671],"Direct":[525],"comparisons":[526],"(pre-bottleneck)":[529],"(post":[532],"\u2013bottleneck)":[533],"\u2013loop":[544],"(HVR1).":[545],"considerable":[548],"losses":[549],"between":[553],"time":[554],"frames":[555],"declines.":[559],"found":[564],"harbour":[566],"highest":[568],"number":[569],"\u2018native\u2019":[571],"haplotypes":[572],"lowest.":[577],"exhibited":[583],"only":[584],"one":[585],"\u2018novel\u2019":[586],"haplotype":[587],"confirming":[588],"are":[598],"concern":[600],"because":[601],"they":[602],"shown":[605],"reduce":[607],"fitness":[609,617,689],"increase":[611],"risk":[613],"extinction.":[615],"Therefore,":[616],"fluctuating":[623],"asymmetry":[624],"(FA)":[625],"10":[627],"as":[630,686],"indicator":[632],"developmental":[634],"stability.":[635],"Correlations":[636],"FA":[638,676],"indices":[642],"level":[647,675],"individuals":[649],"within":[650],"populations,":[651],"among":[656,673],"All":[658],"correlations":[659,665],"existed":[660],"expected":[662],"directions;":[663],"Furthermore,":[672],"did":[677],"vary":[679],"significantly":[680],"providing":[683],"no":[684],"indication":[685],"whether":[688],"has":[690],"past":[694]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}