{"id":"https://openalex.org/W39238606","doi":null,"title":"Comparing Students' Perceptions of Online Language Learning to Traditional Learning","display_name":"Comparing Students' Perceptions of Online Language Learning to Traditional Learning","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W39238606","mag":"39238606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-1931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/886","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1931&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1931&context=doctoral","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005024841","display_name":"Noreen Marie La Piana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noreen Marie La Piana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005024841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00554664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-language-learning","display_name":"online language learning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-learning","display_name":"hybrid learning","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-perceptions","display_name":"student perceptions","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning-readiness","display_name":"e-learning readiness","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-intelligences","display_name":"multiple intelligences","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-intelligence","display_name":"interpersonal intelligence","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrapersonal-intelligence","display_name":"intrapersonal intelligence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-language-learning","display_name":"foreign language learning","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-college-students","display_name":"community college students","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.8119999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.52950119972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4975166618824005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4728577136993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.46820977330207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.46690303087234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46541333198547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4456709027290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.32101336121559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30365055799484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-1931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/886","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1931&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.678.7050","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.678.7050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1931%26context%3Ddoctoral","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:39238606","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1931&context=doctoral","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-1931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/886","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1931&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W39238606.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W39238606.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96644253","https://openalex.org/W128390337","https://openalex.org/W167021280","https://openalex.org/W189266926","https://openalex.org/W253346277","https://openalex.org/W321847519","https://openalex.org/W585618808","https://openalex.org/W629824087","https://openalex.org/W859736819","https://openalex.org/W1493632016","https://openalex.org/W1501514439","https://openalex.org/W1508822776","https://openalex.org/W1510000784","https://openalex.org/W1519801713","https://openalex.org/W1538497412","https://openalex.org/W1550621568","https://openalex.org/W1554354526","https://openalex.org/W1554768521","https://openalex.org/W1561878947","https://openalex.org/W1587919301","https://openalex.org/W1591261088","https://openalex.org/W1602999294","https://openalex.org/W1672694081","https://openalex.org/W1680842844","https://openalex.org/W1739354588","https://openalex.org/W1838700964","https://openalex.org/W1839788135","https://openalex.org/W1885860673","https://openalex.org/W1925905589","https://openalex.org/W1941150326","https://openalex.org/W1969753821","https://openalex.org/W1973030833","https://openalex.org/W1978059499","https://openalex.org/W1989360393","https://openalex.org/W1993172547","https://openalex.org/W2002363133","https://openalex.org/W2002787720","https://openalex.org/W2004950695","https://openalex.org/W2006986692","https://openalex.org/W2008651614","https://openalex.org/W2008654395","https://openalex.org/W2013960393","https://openalex.org/W2014540039","https://openalex.org/W2015659803","https://openalex.org/W2019008051","https://openalex.org/W2024967365","https://openalex.org/W2028629150","https://openalex.org/W2029662711","https://openalex.org/W2032200194","https://openalex.org/W2035311314","https://openalex.org/W2037401494","https://openalex.org/W2038977462","https://openalex.org/W2041377260","https://openalex.org/W2043558955","https://openalex.org/W2047658576","https://openalex.org/W2050112242","https://openalex.org/W2056564603","https://openalex.org/W2059325771","https://openalex.org/W2060977275","https://openalex.org/W2069187392","https://openalex.org/W2071670115","https://openalex.org/W2077101451","https://openalex.org/W2083439948","https://openalex.org/W2085067988","https://openalex.org/W2087530113","https://openalex.org/W2088799962","https://openalex.org/W2093950336","https://openalex.org/W2098688395","https://openalex.org/W2101916457","https://openalex.org/W2102397717","https://openalex.org/W2102709979","https://openalex.org/W2103521500","https://openalex.org/W2105025378","https://openalex.org/W2108468838","https://openalex.org/W2109070640","https://openalex.org/W2110024046","https://openalex.org/W2111490417","https://openalex.org/W2111973347","https://openalex.org/W2112927243","https://openalex.org/W2116794232","https://openalex.org/W2124243675","https://openalex.org/W2125276292","https://openalex.org/W2127578158","https://openalex.org/W2128185258","https://openalex.org/W2132136147","https://openalex.org/W2132168849","https://openalex.org/W2132594092","https://openalex.org/W2133958158","https://openalex.org/W2134963039","https://openalex.org/W2139233418","https://openalex.org/W2139287582","https://openalex.org/W2140401497","https://openalex.org/W2143278422","https://openalex.org/W2143706879","https://openalex.org/W2145725144","https://openalex.org/W2147231322","https://openalex.org/W2148546299","https://openalex.org/W2149609314","https://openalex.org/W2152281873","https://openalex.org/W2153093261","https://openalex.org/W2157084486","https://openalex.org/W2160861367","https://openalex.org/W2167778696","https://openalex.org/W2170407791","https://openalex.org/W2170716495","https://openalex.org/W2171301064","https://openalex.org/W2189067503","https://openalex.org/W2197843617","https://openalex.org/W2302050473","https://openalex.org/W2315123323","https://openalex.org/W2326735346","https://openalex.org/W2499889718","https://openalex.org/W2507154875","https://openalex.org/W2587956463","https://openalex.org/W2796283285","https://openalex.org/W4247664190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7038412207","https://openalex.org/W2579134374","https://openalex.org/W4411464551","https://openalex.org/W4390766032","https://openalex.org/W6884560446","https://openalex.org/W2791914686","https://openalex.org/W4224244909","https://openalex.org/W4391117707","https://openalex.org/W2761119858","https://openalex.org/W4417272585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examined":[2],"students":[3,46,96],"\u2019":[4,127],"perceptions":[5,66],"towards":[6],"online":[7,70,122,137,149],"language":[8,71,79,104,115,153,161],"learning":[9],"and":[10,44,106,131,139,155,169],"face-to-face":[11],"learning.":[12,72],"A":[13],"survey":[14,30],"of":[15,53,55,67,121,129,136,167],"multiple":[16],"intelligences":[17,58,133],"(McClelland":[18],"&":[19,35],"Conti,":[20],"2008)":[21],"combined":[22],"with":[23],"an":[24,89,99,176],"Online":[25],"Learning":[26],"Readiness":[27],"Survey":[28],"(OLRS)":[29],"(Dray,":[31],"Lowenthal,":[32],"Miszkiewicz,":[33],"Ruiz-Primo,":[34],"Marczynski,":[36],"2011)":[37],"was":[38,81],"distributed":[39],"to":[40,49],"2,177":[41],"community":[42],"college":[43],"university":[45],"in":[47,175],"order":[48],"measure":[50],"the":[51,56,93,125,141],"strength":[52],"each":[54,59],"nine":[57],"student":[60,173],"possessed,":[61],"as":[62,64,134,182],"well":[63],"their":[65,119,165],"readiness":[68],"for":[69,75],"Student":[73],"preference":[74],"online/hybrid":[76,100],"versus":[77],"traditional":[78,111,159,180],"class":[80,105,116,181],"also":[82],"considered.":[83],"The":[84],"three":[85],"research":[86],"questions":[87],"involved":[88],"investigation":[90],"of:":[91],"1)":[92],"differences":[94,142],"between":[95,143],"who":[97,108,146,157],"attended":[98,109],"foreign":[101,112,150,160],"or":[102,113,151,179],"second":[103,114,152],"those":[107,144,156],"a":[110],"based":[117,163],"on":[118,164],"level":[120,166],"readiness,":[123,138],"2)":[124],"participants":[126,145],"levels":[128],"interpersonal":[130,168],"intrapersonal":[132,170],"predictors":[135],"3)":[140],"preferred":[147,158],"hybrid,":[148,178],"classes":[154,162],"intelligence.":[171],"Only":[172],"attendance":[174],"online,":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}