{"id":"https://openalex.org/W39003602","doi":null,"title":"Lymphotoxin activates hepatic T cells and simultaneously induces profound thymic atrophy.","display_name":"Lymphotoxin activates hepatic T cells and simultaneously induces profound thymic atrophy.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W39003602","mag":"39003602","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1427972","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1421630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056342207","display_name":"Akinori Kusumi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Kusumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112657221","display_name":"Toru Abo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8381-2587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8381-2587"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Abo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113044990","display_name":"T Masuda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Masuda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080014403","display_name":"Kikuya Sugiura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-237X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-237X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Sugiura","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S Seki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Seki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075597870","display_name":"Toshiaki Ohteki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8088-5165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8088-5165"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Ohteki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029424105","display_name":"Ryugi Okuyama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Okuyama","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007670915","display_name":"Katsuo Kumagai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Kumagai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75629054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"2","first_page":"177","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-necrosis-factor-beta","display_name":"lymphotoxin","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymic-atrophy","display_name":"thymic atrophy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-beta-t-cell-receptor","display_name":"alpha beta T cell receptor","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-cd8-double-positive-thymocytes","display_name":"double-positive thymocytes","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymocyte-proliferation","display_name":"thymocyte proliferation","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver","display_name":"liver","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61879462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24774130","display_name":"Lymphotoxin","level":3,"score":0.8630458116531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.6207275390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.5952664613723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5422021746635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19317047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412037","display_name":"T-cell receptor","level":4,"score":0.5200688242912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.5160062313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4971165955066681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54500882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914431","display_name":"Lymphotoxin beta receptor","level":4,"score":0.4913298189640045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.47511181235313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778904781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513486","display_name":"Kupffer cell","level":2,"score":0.47485876083374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103813035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18028684","display_name":"Lymphotoxin alpha","level":4,"score":0.4595017433166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114684123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419458","display_name":"CD3","level":4,"score":0.43829748034477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.39321368932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.22215747833251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.18388298153877258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15121278166770935}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000954","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Surface","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001284","descriptor_name":"Atrophy","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008233","descriptor_name":"Lymphotoxin-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008809","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C3H","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013154","descriptor_name":"Spleen","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013950","descriptor_name":"Thymus Gland","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013950","descriptor_name":"Thymus Gland","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1421630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1427972","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1427972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:39003602","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1427972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1421630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16634968","https://openalex.org/W70306743","https://openalex.org/W1484554238","https://openalex.org/W1506814183","https://openalex.org/W1587142652","https://openalex.org/W1591853650","https://openalex.org/W1591901485","https://openalex.org/W1650914523","https://openalex.org/W1966299414","https://openalex.org/W2002085590","https://openalex.org/W2009636407","https://openalex.org/W2011946982","https://openalex.org/W2018587471","https://openalex.org/W2019632362","https://openalex.org/W2021154522","https://openalex.org/W2026891958","https://openalex.org/W2039672885","https://openalex.org/W2051925297","https://openalex.org/W2068281743","https://openalex.org/W2070502835","https://openalex.org/W2074576815","https://openalex.org/W2084609653","https://openalex.org/W2085579073","https://openalex.org/W2111768354","https://openalex.org/W2145947267","https://openalex.org/W2162538034","https://openalex.org/W2167571044","https://openalex.org/W2411568662","https://openalex.org/W2549122475","https://openalex.org/W2551811725","https://openalex.org/W2612141993","https://openalex.org/W2626203448","https://openalex.org/W2766674943","https://openalex.org/W2809189347","https://openalex.org/W2809979896","https://openalex.org/W2885343887","https://openalex.org/W2923147156","https://openalex.org/W3106083652","https://openalex.org/W3131582936","https://openalex.org/W3157009604","https://openalex.org/W4242058682","https://openalex.org/W4247251063","https://openalex.org/W4293003987","https://openalex.org/W4297500435","https://openalex.org/W4367852674","https://openalex.org/W4385828758","https://openalex.org/W4388628455","https://openalex.org/W4400287067","https://openalex.org/W6940300120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019632362","https://openalex.org/W7146121718","https://openalex.org/W3162450462","https://openalex.org/W280186194","https://openalex.org/W2009821747","https://openalex.org/W2245923882","https://openalex.org/W2068281743","https://openalex.org/W1990972849","https://openalex.org/W2051823740","https://openalex.org/W351828074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1],"recently":[2],"demonstrated":[3,75],"that":[4,33,76,203,211],"the":[5,34,42,62,77,88,99,119,172,175,178,184,209,217,221],"liver":[6,218],"may":[7,46,68,205],"be":[8,22,47,206],"a":[9,50,112],"major":[10],"site":[11],"of":[12,37,44,53,64,79,90,114,121,130,141,147,188,208],"extrathymic":[13,166,213],"T-cell":[14,160,226],"differentiation.":[15,227],"This":[16],"hepatic":[17,54,70,91,131,148],"pathway":[18],"was":[19,74,150,181],"shown":[20],"to":[21,153],"activated":[23],"in":[24,111,118,125,127,156,171,216],"mice":[25,135],"injected":[26],"with":[27,194],"heat-killed":[28],"bacteria.":[29],"It":[30,73],"is":[31],"conceivable":[32],"resulting":[35],"activation":[36,52],"macrophages":[38],"or":[39],"lymphocytes,":[40],"and":[41,109,137,219],"production":[43],"cytokines":[45,67],"responsible":[48],"for":[49],"subsequent":[51],"T":[55,71,167,214],"cells.":[56,72],"In":[57],"this":[58],"context,":[59],"we":[60],"investigated":[61],"possibility":[63],"whether":[65],"certain":[66],"activate":[69],"administration":[78],"lymphotoxin":[80,204],"[tumour":[81],"necrosis":[82],"factor-beta":[83],"(TNF-beta)]":[84],"more":[85,115],"than":[86,116],"doubled":[87],"number":[89,120,146],"mononuclear":[92],"cells":[93,168,193,215],"(MNC)":[94],"yielded":[95],"3-5":[96],"days":[97],"after":[98],"treatment.":[100],"More":[101],"strikingly,":[102],"such":[103,139],"treatment":[104],"induced":[105],"profound":[106],"thymic":[107,179],"atrophy":[108,180],"resulted":[110],"decrease":[113],"95%":[117],"thymocytes.":[122],"Spontaneous":[123],"proliferation":[124],"an":[126,154],"vitro":[128],"culture":[129],"MNC":[132,149],"from":[133],"treated":[134],"increased,":[136],"inversely":[138],"activity":[140],"thymocytes":[142],"decreased.":[143],"The":[144],"increased":[145],"mainly":[151],"due":[152],"increase":[155],"intermediate":[157],"alpha":[158,190],"beta":[159,191],"receptor":[161],"(TcR)":[162],"cells,":[163],"which":[164],"are":[165],"uniquely":[169],"seen":[170],"liver.":[173],"On":[174],"other":[176],"hand,":[177],"caused":[182],"by":[183],"prompt":[185],"apoptotic":[186],"death":[187],"dull":[189],"TcR":[192],"double-positive":[195],"(DP)":[196],"CD4+":[197],"CD8+":[198],"phenotype.":[199],"These":[200],"results":[201],"indicate":[202],"one":[207],"factors":[210],"activates":[212],"at":[220],"same":[222],"time":[223],"inhibits":[224],"intrathymic":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}