{"id":"https://openalex.org/W38944937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013157127524","title":null,"display_name":null,"publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W38944937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013157127524","mag":"38944937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1013157127524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013157127524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013157127524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211315","display_name":"MOCT-MOST Economic Policy in Transitional Economics","issn_l":"1120-7388","issn":["1120-7388","1573-7063"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083321495","display_name":"Iraj Hashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-8605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-8605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iraj Hashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reader in Economics,\n        Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire University, U.K","Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire University, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reader in Economics,\n        Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083321495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96139155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"221","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14433","display_name":"Post-Communist Economic and Political Transition","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14433","display_name":"Post-Communist Economic and Political Transition","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.16200000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13547","display_name":"Economic and Industrial Development","score":0.03550000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albania","display_name":"Albania","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-communist-transition","display_name":"post-communist transition","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sme-growth","display_name":"SME growth","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-constraints","display_name":"financial constraints","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-constraints","display_name":"fiscal constraints","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-context","display_name":"institutional environment","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microenterprises","display_name":"microenterprises","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sme-policy","display_name":"SME policy","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-reform","display_name":"financial reform","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-burden","display_name":"tax burden","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kosovo-war","display_name":"Kosovo War","score":0.746999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6486606597900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5048616528511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4757673144340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4749032258987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42222708463668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.4173654019832611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.41713306307792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.33913949131965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.32024556398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11095908284187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1013157127524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013157127524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013157127524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211315","display_name":"MOCT-MOST Economic Policy in Transitional Economics","issn_l":"1120-7388","issn":["1120-7388","1573-7063"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W609260536","https://openalex.org/W626868647","https://openalex.org/W1969029006","https://openalex.org/W1995892480","https://openalex.org/W2002019383","https://openalex.org/W2006885981","https://openalex.org/W2030132760","https://openalex.org/W2047418156","https://openalex.org/W2127584917","https://openalex.org/W3125596159"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}