{"id":"https://openalex.org/W388308565","doi":null,"title":"Controlling pain and reducing misuse of opioids: ethical considerations.","display_name":"Controlling pain and reducing misuse of opioids: ethical considerations.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W388308565","mag":"388308565","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22611604","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3325448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2334290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3325448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3325448","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111403295","display_name":"Jaro Kotalik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7899908","display_name":"NOSM University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb43k62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7899908"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaro Kotalik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ont. jkotalik@lakeheadu.ca"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ont. jkotalik@lakeheadu.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430","https://openalex.org/I7899908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111403295"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430","https://openalex.org/I7899908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5597,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82800758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"4","first_page":"381","last_page":"5, e190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-prescribing","display_name":"opioid prescribing","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-management","display_name":"pain management","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-misuse","display_name":"opioid misuse","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-use-disorder","display_name":"opioid use disorder","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-diversion","display_name":"drug diversion","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-principles","display_name":"ethical principles","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beneficence","display_name":"beneficence","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonmaleficence","display_name":"non-maleficence","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respect-for-autonomy","display_name":"respect for autonomy","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justice","display_name":"justice","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioners","display_name":"general practitioners","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-assessment","display_name":"pain assessment","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescription-guidelines","display_name":"prescribing guidelines","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5579175353050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.4241839349269867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3909589648246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10605818033218384}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000701","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Opioid","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005194","descriptor_name":"Family Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057970","descriptor_name":"Inappropriate Prescribing","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059408","descriptor_name":"Pain Management","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2334290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3325448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2334311","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3325469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22611604","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22611604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3325448","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3325448/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Can Fam Physician","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3325469","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3325469/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Can Fam Physician","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:388308565","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3325469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72111607","display_name":"Canadian Family Physician","issn_l":"0008-350X","issn":["0008-350X","1715-5258","1715-5266"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312897","host_organization_name":"College of Family Physicians Canada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College of Family Physicians Canada"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Family Physician","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2131560291","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/58/4/e190.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72111607","display_name":"Canadian Family Physician","issn_l":"0008-350X","issn":["0008-350X","1715-5258","1715-5266"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312897","host_organization_name":"College of Family Physicians Canada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College of Family Physicians Canada"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Family Physician","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2221550498","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22611604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2334290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3325448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280087160","https://openalex.org/W1595632929","https://openalex.org/W1606572296","https://openalex.org/W1868427328","https://openalex.org/W1951588231","https://openalex.org/W1967341898","https://openalex.org/W2028770837","https://openalex.org/W2098489926","https://openalex.org/W2107662809","https://openalex.org/W2113431190","https://openalex.org/W2113728336","https://openalex.org/W2132570041","https://openalex.org/W2145101302","https://openalex.org/W2147396279","https://openalex.org/W2151608993","https://openalex.org/W2158487382","https://openalex.org/W2171950624","https://openalex.org/W4244614424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120444342","https://openalex.org/W3176274072","https://openalex.org/W2605031727","https://openalex.org/W7011096671","https://openalex.org/W7020837645","https://openalex.org/W3015650737","https://openalex.org/W7212324523","https://openalex.org/W4412379992","https://openalex.org/W2131560291","https://openalex.org/W2928475428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"help":[2,179],"family":[3],"physicians":[4,180],"achieve":[5],"an":[6,62,145],"ethical":[7,68,81,172],"balance":[8],"in":[9],"their":[10,117],"opioid":[11,63,109,186],"prescribing":[12,44,131],"practices.":[13],"QUALITY":[14],"OF":[15],"EVIDENCE:":[16],"MEDLINE":[17],"was":[18,31],"searched":[19],"for":[20,87,162],"English-language":[21],"articles":[22],"published":[23],"between":[24],"1985":[25],"and":[26,89,101,104,123,157,166],"2011.":[27],"Most":[28],"available":[29],"evidence":[30],"level":[32],"III.":[33],"MAIN":[34],"MESSAGE:":[35],"It":[36],"is":[37,52,94,120],"essential":[38,95],"to":[39,96,114,136,141,150,153,159,178],"follow":[40],"practice":[41],"guidelines":[42],"when":[43,47,57],"opioids,":[45],"except":[46],"another":[48],"course":[49],"of":[50,61,79,83,108,155,169],"action":[51],"demonstrably":[53],"justified.":[54],"In":[55],"addition,":[56],"considering":[58],"the":[59,70,77,80,134,167],"appropriateness":[60],"prescription,":[64],"with":[65,144],"its":[66],"many":[67],"implications,":[69],"decision":[71],"can":[72,174],"be":[73,142],"usefully":[74],"guided":[75],"by":[76],"application":[78],"principles":[82,173],"beneficence,":[84],"nonmaleficence,":[85],"respect":[86],"autonomy,":[88],"justice.":[90],"As":[91],"well,":[92],"it":[93],"keep":[97],"current":[98],"about":[99,185],"legal":[100],"regulatory":[102],"changes":[103],"provincial":[105],"electronic":[106],"registries":[107],"prescriptions.":[110],"CONCLUSION:":[111],"Physicians":[112],"need":[113],"ensure":[115],"that":[116],"patients'":[118],"pain":[119,127,138],"properly":[121],"assessed":[122],"managed.":[124],"Reaching":[125],"optimal":[126],"control":[128],"might":[129],"necessitate":[130],"opioids.":[132],"But":[133],"obligation":[135],"provide":[137,175],"relief":[139],"needs":[140],"balanced":[143],"equally":[146],"important":[147],"responsibility":[148],"not":[149,158],"expose":[151],"patients":[152],"risk":[154],"addiction":[156,168],"create":[160],"opportunities":[161],"drug":[163],"diversion,":[164],"trafficking,":[165],"others.":[170],"Basic":[171],"a":[176],"framework":[177],"make":[181],"ethically":[182],"appropriate":[183],"decisions":[184],"prescribing.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}