{"id":"https://openalex.org/W387004","doi":null,"title":"How to Make Mistakes","display_name":"How to Make Mistakes","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W387004","mag":"387004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cogprints.org:288","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cogprints.org/288/1/howmista.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401879","display_name":"CogPrints (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Chapter"},"volume":null,"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083743331","display_name":"Daniel C. Dennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-3093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-3093"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel C. Dennett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-3093","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083743331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79310345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5029000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5029000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13542","display_name":"Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation","score":0.12370000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.04740000143647194,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/making-mistakes","display_name":"making mistakes","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-from-failure","display_name":"learning from failure","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-taking","display_name":"risk-taking","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-growth","display_name":"personal growth","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-reflection","display_name":"self-reflection","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"resilience","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-analysis","display_name":"error analysis","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136815107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154242","display_name":"Nothing","level":2,"score":0.8962098360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777179996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911222","display_name":"Mistake","level":2,"score":0.8297692537307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.6326426267623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775955634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374354","display_name":"Maxim","level":2,"score":0.5582660436630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43020930886268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4235541820526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41208046674728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3657597303390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.3357197642326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20155343413352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19301143288612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18365582823753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18024709820747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14633306860923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.12262877821922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:cogprints.org:288","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cogprints.org/288/1/howmista.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401879","display_name":"CogPrints (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Chapter"},{"id":"mag:387004","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://frrl.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/howtomakemistakes.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248501261","https://openalex.org/W4404540683","https://openalex.org/W4231913948","https://openalex.org/W4220822739","https://openalex.org/W2978508088","https://openalex.org/W2292612640","https://openalex.org/W4412936670","https://openalex.org/W4248966869","https://openalex.org/W2057102492","https://openalex.org/W4246235884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Making":[0],"mistakes":[1,40],"is":[2,15,29,41,51],"the":[3,42,54,75,97],"key":[4],"to":[5,18,74,146],"making":[6,39,86,100],"progress.":[7],"There":[8],"are":[9,35],"times,":[10],"of":[11,44,57,78,85,89,99,103,118,133],"course,":[12],"when":[13,38,108],"it":[14,28,71],"important":[16],"not":[17,52,79],"make":[19,110,147],"any":[20,22],"mistakes--ask":[21],"surgeon":[23],"or":[24],"airline":[25],"pilot.":[26],"But":[27],"less":[30],"widely":[31],"appreciated":[32],"that":[33,63],"there":[34],"also":[36],"times":[37],"secret":[43],"success.":[45],"What":[46],"I":[47,92],"have":[48],"in":[49,106,125,136],"mind":[50,127],"just":[53,80,150],"familiar":[55],"wisdom":[56],"nothing":[58,60],"ventured,":[59],"gained.":[61],"While":[62],"maxim":[64],"encourages":[65],"a":[66,111,116,137],"healthy":[67],"attitude":[68],"towards":[69],"risk,":[70],"doesn't":[72],"point":[73],"positive":[76],"benefits":[77],"risking":[81],"mistakes,":[82,91,121,149],"but":[83],"actually":[84],"them.":[87,101,157],"Instead":[88,102],"shunning":[90],"claim,":[93],"you":[94,109,113,152],"should":[95,114,142],"cultivate":[96],"habit":[98],"turning":[104,122],"away":[105],"denial":[107],"mistake,":[112],"become":[115],"connoisseur":[117],"your":[119,126],"own":[120],"them":[123],"over":[124],"as":[128],"if":[129],"they":[130,139],"were":[131],"works":[132],"art,":[134],"which":[135],"way":[138],"are.":[140],"You":[141],"seek":[143],"out":[144],"opportunities":[145],"grand":[148],"so":[151],"can":[153],"then":[154],"recover":[155],"from":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}