{"id":"https://openalex.org/W385753750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22260/isarc1989/0048","title":"Bulldozer Tracking and Navigation Using Servo-Controlled Laser Range Finding Technique","display_name":"Bulldozer Tracking and Navigation Using Servo-Controlled Laser Range Finding Technique","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W385753750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22260/isarc1989/0048","mag":"385753750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22260/isarc1989/0048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22260/isarc1989/0048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22260/isarc1989/0048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651438","display_name":"International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC)","issn_l":"2413-5844","issn":["2413-5844"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055674596","display_name":"Sakari Piesk\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-1332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-1332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakari Pieska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059272191","display_name":"Anssi M\u00e4kynen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-8882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-8882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anssi Makynen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041576376","display_name":"Juha Kostamovaara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-8951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-8951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Kostamovaara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008022366","display_name":"Martti Elsila","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martti Elsila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052457983","display_name":"R. Myllyl\u00e4","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riso Myllyla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Centre of Finland +University of Oulu Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 200, SF-90571 Oulu Linnanmaa, SF-90570 Oulu Finland Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85982814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.15530000627040863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14163","display_name":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-sensitive-detector","display_name":"position-sensitive detector","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-emitting-diodes","display_name":"infrared emitting diodes","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-reflectors","display_name":"optical reflectors","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-encoder","display_name":"angle encoder","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6229956746101379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107354338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937153","display_name":"Servo","level":2,"score":0.5963231921195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5764569640159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5155032277107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46234264969825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109441226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137255","display_name":"Servomotor","level":2,"score":0.4384003281593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4203869700431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49503481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640815","display_name":"Servomechanism","level":2,"score":0.41604065895080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18878361582756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.17476624250411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08024907112121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.04494163393974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22260/isarc1989/0048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22260/isarc1989/0048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22260/isarc1989/0048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651438","display_name":"International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC)","issn_l":"2413-5844","issn":["2413-5844"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11908203","https://openalex.org/W86422350","https://openalex.org/W167385406","https://openalex.org/W2029557601","https://openalex.org/W2036047162","https://openalex.org/W2066708614","https://openalex.org/W2081012373","https://openalex.org/W2084898025","https://openalex.org/W2297468143","https://openalex.org/W2661986533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081012373","https://openalex.org/W2626469084","https://openalex.org/W2509994027","https://openalex.org/W2124878321","https://openalex.org/W2888389370","https://openalex.org/W2124362469","https://openalex.org/W4384296027","https://openalex.org/W2206870373","https://openalex.org/W2484364258","https://openalex.org/W241773907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bulldozer":[0],"Tracking":[1,72,99],"and":[2,38,62,85,92,116,148,182],"Navigation":[3],"Using":[4],"Servo-Controlled":[5],"Laser":[6],"Range":[7],"Finding":[8],"Technique":[9],"Sakari":[10],"Pieska,":[11],"Anssi":[12],"Makynen,":[13],"Juha":[14],"Kostamovaara,":[15],"Martti":[16],"Elsila,":[17],"Riso":[18],"Myllyla":[19],"Pages":[20],"379-386":[21],"(1989":[22],"Proceedings":[23],"of":[24,35,65,124,132,155,164,174],"the":[25,36,97,104,118,133,180,190],"6th":[26],"ISARC,":[27],"San":[28],"Francisco,":[29],"USA,":[30],"ISSN":[31],"2413-5844)":[32],"Abstract:":[33],"Most":[34],"positioning":[37],"navigation":[39,51],"systems":[40],"developed":[41],"for":[42,60],"construction":[43],"machines":[44],"have":[45,135,149],"been":[46,136,150],"focused":[47],"on":[48,75,121],"satisfying":[49],"2D":[50],"requirements.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"a":[56,66,80,89,122,125,139,145,161,170,183],"system":[57],"is":[58,73,100,158],"proposed":[59],"continuous":[61],"accurate":[63],"tracking":[64],"bulldozer":[67],"or":[68,113],"corresponding":[69],"moving":[70],"machine.":[71,98],"based":[74],"3D":[76],"coordinate":[77],"determination":[78],"using":[79,169],"time-of-flight":[81],"laser":[82,114,185],"range":[83,163],"finder":[84],"angle":[86,153],"encoders":[87],"as":[88,189],"measuring":[90],"head":[91],"optical":[93],"reflectors":[94],"attached":[95,178],"to":[96,166,179,206],"accomplished":[101],"by":[102],"illuminating":[103],"cooperative":[105],"target":[106,172],"with":[107],"an":[108,152],"infrared":[109],"emitting":[110],"diode":[111,115,186],"(IRED)":[112],"focusing":[117],"reflected":[119],"light":[120],"surface":[123],"position":[126],"sensitive":[127],"detector":[128],"(PSD).":[129],"Preliminary":[130],"tests":[131],"technique":[134],"performed":[137],"in":[138,160],"bulldozer's":[140],"real":[141],"working":[142],"environment":[143],"at":[144],"cellulose":[146],"mill":[147],"promising:":[151],"resolution":[154],"about":[156],"200\u00b5rad":[157],"achievable":[159],"measurement":[162],"up":[165],"100-150":[167],"m":[168],"spherical":[171],"constructed":[173],"highly":[175],"reflective":[176],"tape":[177],"machine":[181],"cw":[184],"(8":[187],"mW)":[188],"transmitter.":[191],"Keywords:":[192],"No":[193],"keywords":[194],"DOI:":[195],"https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC1989/0048":[196],"Download":[197,199,201],"fulltext":[198],"BibTex":[200],"Endnote":[202],"(RIS)":[203],"TeX":[204],"Import":[205],"Mendeley":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}