{"id":"https://openalex.org/W378705357","doi":null,"title":"Steganography - Messages Hidden in Bits","display_name":"Steganography - Messages Hidden in Bits","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W378705357","mag":"378705357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.11.8901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.11.8901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mms.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mms2002/papers/6.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046359765","display_name":"Jonathan D. Watkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9997-167X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9997-167X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Watkins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046359765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06180888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13674","display_name":"Computer Science and Engineering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"steganography","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"steganalysis","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"information hiding","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"digital watermarking","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright-protection","display_name":"copyright protection","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-steganography","display_name":"history of steganography","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invisible-ink","display_name":"invisible ink","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osama-bin-laden","display_name":"Osama bin Laden","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.9130679368972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.782560408115387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6620466113090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.5842827558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.49461886286735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4866398274898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.4638528823852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4557378888130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3485301733016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2112216353416443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.11.8901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.11.8901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mms.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mms2002/papers/6.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:378705357","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://mms.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mms2002/papers/6.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1459449178","https://openalex.org/W1493698890","https://openalex.org/W2102142210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248712104","https://openalex.org/W4238908137","https://openalex.org/W2430053557","https://openalex.org/W2181387749","https://openalex.org/W2741842698","https://openalex.org/W6959896167","https://openalex.org/W2184698512","https://openalex.org/W6903670838","https://openalex.org/W7097876444","https://openalex.org/W2481069077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steganography":[0,83],"is":[1],"the":[2,20,35,68,93,104],"process":[3],"of":[4,8,82,87,95,106],"hiding":[5],"one":[6],"medium":[7],"communication":[9],"(text,":[10],"sound":[11],"or":[12],"image)":[13],"within":[14],"another.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"will":[18,90],"discuss":[19],"tools":[21],"used":[22],"to":[23,52,100,102],"both":[24],"hide":[25],"and":[26,61],"unhide":[27],"(know":[28],"as":[29],"Steganalysis)":[30],"information.":[31],"A":[32],"look":[33],"at":[34],"history":[36],"starting":[37],"with":[38,73],"Herodotus":[39],"in":[40,47],"ancient":[41],"Greece":[42],"describing":[43],"secret":[44,56],"messages":[45,60],"written":[46],"wax":[48],"on":[49],"stone":[50],"tablets,":[51],"world":[53],"war":[54],"two's":[55],"double":[57],"meaning":[58],"Nazi":[59],"British":[62],"Intelligences":[63],"invisible":[64],"ink.":[65],"Most":[66],"recently":[67],"techniques":[69],"have":[70],"been":[71],"accredited":[72],"Osama":[74],"Bin":[75],"Laden's":[76],"Al-Qa'eda":[77],"terrorist":[78],"network.":[79],"Not":[80],"all":[81],"involves":[84],"some":[85],"kind":[86],"subterfuge,":[88],"I":[89],"also":[91],"cover":[92],"area":[94],"digital":[96],"watermarking,":[97],"a":[98],"method":[99],"try":[101],"protect":[103],"copyright":[105],"image.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}