{"id":"https://openalex.org/W37798437","doi":null,"title":"Sex education: an overview of current programs, policies, and research.","display_name":"Sex education: an overview of current programs, policies, and research.","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W37798437","mag":"37798437","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12339949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12339949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12339949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113125399","display_name":"A M Kenney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A M Kenney","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054788044","display_name":"Margaret Terry Orr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-5189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-5189"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M T Orr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90333522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"1","first_page":"491","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11906","display_name":"Gender, Sexuality, and Education","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-education","display_name":"sex education","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-based-sex-education","display_name":"school-based sex education","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teenage-pregnancy","display_name":"adolescent pregnancy","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teenage-pregnancy-prevention","display_name":"adolescent pregnancy prevention","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraception","display_name":"contraception","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-abortion","display_name":"adolescent abortion","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-wedlock-births","display_name":"out-of-wedlock births","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teenage-sexual-activity","display_name":"teenage sexual activity","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexuality-education-policy","display_name":"sex education policy","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-education-programs","display_name":"sex education programs","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teenage-birth-rate","display_name":"teen birth rates","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.6424927115440369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781400533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122224","display_name":"Birth control","level":5,"score":0.5979447364807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5813701748847961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8452","display_name":"Abortion","level":3,"score":0.5702894926071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776001192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6636","display_name":"Homosexuality","level":2,"score":0.5126222968101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4904806315898895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4150986671447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.37242698669433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3586081266403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3314305245876312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3124943971633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.2997673749923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.25613638758659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2006373405456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.17733663320541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000569","descriptor_name":"Americas","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007878","descriptor_name":"Legislation as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009656","descriptor_name":"North America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010290","descriptor_name":"Parents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011584","descriptor_name":"Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012736","descriptor_name":"Sex Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019049","descriptor_name":"Developed Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12339949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12339949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:37798437","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12339949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1817863752","https://openalex.org/W2052213849","https://openalex.org/W2108955823","https://openalex.org/W2150865892","https://openalex.org/W2417516769","https://openalex.org/W2620798309","https://openalex.org/W2770227545","https://openalex.org/W2947014957","https://openalex.org/W2947893479","https://openalex.org/W2972935903","https://openalex.org/W3012987249","https://openalex.org/W3183995494","https://openalex.org/W3204222880","https://openalex.org/W3211321963","https://openalex.org/W4206841660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394570579","https://openalex.org/W1838801892","https://openalex.org/W165500378","https://openalex.org/W1527284138","https://openalex.org/W2010897875","https://openalex.org/W4242118225","https://openalex.org/W3016004008","https://openalex.org/W7113166623","https://openalex.org/W3100762766","https://openalex.org/W2242198378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IN":[0],"JUNE":[1],"1981,":[2],"the":[3,35,47,51,74,94,117,210,215,217,224,255,279,295,303,311,323,333,349,360,370,422],"Alexandria,":[4],"Vir":[5],"ginia,":[6],"school":[7],"board":[8,41],"ventured":[9],"into":[10],"new":[11,100],"territory.":[12],"It":[13],"approved":[14],"an":[15,59],"eighth-grade":[16],"sex":[17,103,213,343],"education":[18,344,390],"course":[19,52],"that":[20,185,196,239,271,282,302,351,394],"included":[21],"discussion":[22],"of":[23,37,98,126,134,212,220,227,229,257,260,294,326,335,353,364,369,377,383],"masturbation,":[24],"homosexuality,":[25,83],"incest,":[26],"venereal":[27,79],"disease,":[28],"and":[29,84,86,113,123,157,178,200,223,301,328,331,410,424,433,437],"contraception":[30],"?":[31],"all":[32,402],"placed":[33],"in":[34,62,108,145,161,214,292,298,310,320,338,359],"context":[36],"personal":[38],"values.":[39],"One":[40],"member":[42],"voiced":[43],"his":[44],"surprise":[45],"at":[46,140,153,165,318,417],"ease":[48],"with":[49,58],"which":[50],"was":[53],"adopt":[54],"ed,":[55],"as":[56,174,192],"compared":[57],"earlier":[60,218],"experience":[61,96],"neighboring":[63],"Fairfax":[64,75],"County.":[65],"I":[66],"thought":[67],"we'd":[68],"have":[69,138,151,163,251,289,373],"a":[70,99,237,258],"tremendous":[71],"fight":[72],"about":[73],"Five":[76],"[birth":[77],"control,":[78],"dis":[80],"ease,":[81],"abortion,":[82,112],"rape":[85],"incest],":[87],"he":[88],"said,":[89],"but":[90],"we":[91],"didn't.":[92],"Is":[93],"Alexandria":[95],"indicative":[97],"climate":[101],"for":[102,171,342],"education?":[104],"The":[105,169,340],"sharp":[106,296],"increases":[107],"sexual":[109,198,266,299,365],"activity,":[110,300,366],"pregnancy,":[111],"out-of-wedlock":[114,304],"births":[115,272],"over":[116,278],"past":[118,280],"decade":[119],"(see":[120],"Tables":[121],"1":[122],"2)":[124],"are":[125,176,187,315],"profound":[127],"concern":[128],"to":[129,189,273,322,332,415],"many":[130],"Americans.":[131],"Almost":[132],"40%":[133],"today's":[135],"20-year-old":[136],"women":[137,372],"had":[139,152,164],"least":[141,154,166,319],"one":[142,149,155,160,167,392],"pregnancy":[143],"while":[144],"their":[146],"teens.":[147],"Twenty":[148],"percent":[150],"birth,":[156],"more":[158,204,245,248,285],"than":[159,287,309],"seven":[162],"abortion.1":[168],"reasons":[170],"statistics":[172],"such":[173,190],"these":[175],"complex":[177],"not":[179],"fully":[180],"understood.":[181],"Many":[182],"experts":[183],"believe":[184],"they":[186,406],"related":[188],"factors":[191],"changing":[193],"societal":[194,261],"values":[195],"make":[197],"activity":[199],"out-of-wed":[201],"lock":[202],"childbearing":[203],"acceptable,":[205],"chang":[206],"ing":[207],"family":[208],"structures,":[209],"portrayal":[211],"media,":[216],"maturation":[219],"teenagers":[221,274],"today,":[222],"ready":[225],"availability":[226,325],"methods":[228,376],"birth":[230],"control.":[231],"To":[232],"some":[233],"ex":[234],"tent,":[235],"however,":[236],"situation":[238],"has":[240,380],"always":[241],"existed":[242],"is":[243,269,345,391],"simply":[244],"visible":[246],"because":[247],"comprehensive":[249],"data":[250],"become":[252,407],"available.":[253],"In":[254],"face":[256],"host":[259],"pres":[262],"sures":[263],"favoring":[264],"early":[265],"experiences,":[267],"it":[268,399],"remarkable":[270],"de":[275,426],"clined":[276],"significantly":[277],"decade,":[281],"pregnancies":[283,357],"increased":[284,324],"slowly":[286],"might":[288],"been":[290],"expected":[291],"light":[293],"increase":[297],"birthrate":[305],"climbed":[306],"less":[307],"sharply":[308],"1960s.2":[312],"These":[313],"trends":[314],"certainly":[316],"due,":[317],"part,":[321],"information":[327,411],"contraceptive":[329],"services":[330],"legalization":[334],"abortion":[336],"nationwide":[337],"1973.":[339],"need":[341],"con":[346],"firmed":[347],"by":[348],"fact":[350],"36%":[352],"first":[354,361],"pre":[355],"marital":[356],"occur":[358],"three":[362],"months":[363],"before":[367,405],"most":[368],"young":[371,403],"sought":[374],"effective":[375],"contraception.3":[378],"Society":[379],"few":[381],"ways":[382],"preventing":[384],"unintended":[385],"teen":[386],"age":[387],"pregnancies.":[388],"Sex":[389],"method":[393],"offers":[395],"two":[396],"great":[397],"advantages:":[398],"can":[400,412],"reach":[401],"people":[404],"sexually":[408],"active,":[409],"be":[413],"provided":[414],"them":[416],"relatively":[418],"low":[419],"cost":[420],"through":[421],"schools":[423],"other":[425],"livery":[427],"systems.":[428],"Table":[429],"1.":[430],"Teenage":[431],"Pregnancies":[432],"Their":[434],"Outcomes:":[435],"1980,1973,":[436],"1970":[438]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}