{"id":"https://openalex.org/W37578499","doi":null,"title":"Bat azimuthal echolocation using interaural level differences: modeling and implementation by a VLSI-based hardware system","display_name":"Bat azimuthal echolocation using interaural level differences: modeling and implementation by a VLSI-based hardware system","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W37578499","mag":"37578499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/3829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3829","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3829","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3829","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhiping Shi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiping Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.36010000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.36010000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.24160000681877136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.20520000159740448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bat-echolocation","display_name":"bat echolocation","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuthal-localization","display_name":"azimuthal localization","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaural-level-difference","display_name":"interaural level difference","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-vlsi","display_name":"neuromorphic VLSI","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-timing-coding","display_name":"spike timing coding","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-spike-latency","display_name":"first-spike latency","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-superior-olive","display_name":"lateral superior olive","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsal-nucleus-of-the-lateral-lemniscus","display_name":"dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inferior-colliculus","display_name":"inferior colliculus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-time-constants","display_name":"synaptic time constants","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-hardware","display_name":"neuromorphic hardware","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-localization","display_name":"sound localization","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167954536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1920844","display_name":"Human echolocation","level":2,"score":0.9795086979866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358512","display_name":"Inferior colliculus","level":3,"score":0.8949679136276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.6955814361572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.6009194850921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817033","display_name":"Lateral lemniscus","level":4,"score":0.5615463852882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5525545477867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5365661978721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.48492294549942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777443451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821413","display_name":"Auditory system","level":2,"score":0.4220788776874542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37064242362976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2957310080528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22179237008094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21342742443084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21131986379623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1782722771167755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934178","display_name":"Nucleus","level":2,"score":0.11936211585998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.09189435839653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/3829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3829","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3829","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:37578499","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/3829/1/umi-umd-3674.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/3829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3829","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3829","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W37578499.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W37578499.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33651632","https://openalex.org/W47959776","https://openalex.org/W101771737","https://openalex.org/W120117896","https://openalex.org/W151721750","https://openalex.org/W188905918","https://openalex.org/W194167025","https://openalex.org/W368255836","https://openalex.org/W585273133","https://openalex.org/W1482296698","https://openalex.org/W1486735428","https://openalex.org/W1487212816","https://openalex.org/W1492159364","https://openalex.org/W1498682515","https://openalex.org/W1507800616","https://openalex.org/W1511612315","https://openalex.org/W1528492376","https://openalex.org/W1529082476","https://openalex.org/W1568532871","https://openalex.org/W1659331495","https://openalex.org/W1917304233","https://openalex.org/W1957242737","https://openalex.org/W1959216770","https://openalex.org/W1967951748","https://openalex.org/W1971031477","https://openalex.org/W1971360616","https://openalex.org/W1975936577","https://openalex.org/W1982730686","https://openalex.org/W1987188408","https://openalex.org/W1989364639","https://openalex.org/W1993960761","https://openalex.org/W1996134249","https://openalex.org/W2000073328","https://openalex.org/W2021584047","https://openalex.org/W2023345457","https://openalex.org/W2039735714","https://openalex.org/W2042473052","https://openalex.org/W2047699602","https://openalex.org/W2051361163","https://openalex.org/W2051385641","https://openalex.org/W2060938793","https://openalex.org/W2064233625","https://openalex.org/W2077237891","https://openalex.org/W2082841283","https://openalex.org/W2096471577","https://openalex.org/W2097560155","https://openalex.org/W2103189579","https://openalex.org/W2108043710","https://openalex.org/W2124032918","https://openalex.org/W2130369542","https://openalex.org/W2131386373","https://openalex.org/W2135709325","https://openalex.org/W2136811659","https://openalex.org/W2141119899","https://openalex.org/W2143331764","https://openalex.org/W2147502381","https://openalex.org/W2154323800","https://openalex.org/W2155291682","https://openalex.org/W2155724011","https://openalex.org/W2157926305","https://openalex.org/W2160509435","https://openalex.org/W2163288878","https://openalex.org/W2163494947","https://openalex.org/W2167602234","https://openalex.org/W2167961374","https://openalex.org/W2247431517","https://openalex.org/W2247445314","https://openalex.org/W2283583817","https://openalex.org/W2408439623","https://openalex.org/W2411574525","https://openalex.org/W2412274955","https://openalex.org/W2413553116","https://openalex.org/W2416321393","https://openalex.org/W2417091349","https://openalex.org/W2418199265","https://openalex.org/W2418465650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990501218","https://openalex.org/W2168734965","https://openalex.org/W6911792473","https://openalex.org/W7095635614","https://openalex.org/W1503347221","https://openalex.org/W78309091","https://openalex.org/W2141925842","https://openalex.org/W344082669","https://openalex.org/W4244997041","https://openalex.org/W2163494947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bats":[0],"have":[1,238],"long":[2,310],"fascinated":[3],"both":[4],"scientists":[5],"and":[6,20,52,103,126,176,261,265,271,330],"engineers":[7],"due":[8,222],"to":[9,13,16,62,74,181,193,223,235,252],"their":[10,253],"superb":[11],"ability":[12],"use":[14,260],"echolocation":[15,51,160,175,203],"fly":[17],"with":[18,289,308,324],"speed":[19],"agility":[21],"through":[22],"complex":[23],"natural":[24],"environments":[25],"in":[26,71,100,107,242,280,300,327,336],"complete":[27],"darkness.":[28],"This":[29,256],"dissertation":[30],"presents":[31],"a":[32,108,145,186,233,282,290,302,309,316],"neuromorphic":[33],"VLSI":[34,219],"circuit":[35,220,275,319],"model":[36,161,320],"of":[37,96,110,121,132,190,200,231,247,263],"bat":[38,49,174,202],"azimuthal":[39,50],"echolocation.":[40],"Interaural":[41],"level":[42],"differences":[43],"(ILDs)":[44],"are":[45,53],"the":[46,55,85,114,122,133,158,179,191,201,208,224,244,259,337],"cues":[47,57],"for":[48,148],"also":[54,297],"primary":[56],"used":[58,87,326],"by":[59,77,154,212,287,306,332],"other":[60],"mammals":[61],"localize":[63],"high":[64],"frequency":[65],"sounds.":[66,195],"The":[67,94,130],"fact":[68],"that":[69,84,136,150,162,178,249,321],"neurons":[70,112],"bats":[72],"respond":[73],"short":[75,292],"echoes":[76,171],"one":[78],"or":[79],"two":[80],"spikes":[81],"strongly":[82],"suggests":[83],"conventionally":[86],"firing":[88],"rate":[89],"is":[90,105,184,250,322],"an":[91,278],"unlikely":[92],"code.":[93],"operation":[95],"first":[97,139],"spike":[98,140,164,285],"latency":[99],"ILD":[101],"computation":[102],"transformation":[104],"investigated":[106],"network":[109],"spiking":[111],"linking":[113],"lateral":[115,123],"superior":[116],"olive":[117],"(LSO),":[118],"dorsal":[119],"nucleus":[120],"lemniscus":[124],"(DNLL),":[125],"inferior":[127],"colliculus":[128],"(IC).":[129],"results":[131],"investigation":[134],"suggest":[135],"spatially":[137],"distributed":[138],"latencies":[141],"can":[142,151,172,206],"serve":[143],"as":[144,232],"fast":[146],"code":[147],"azimuth":[149],"be":[152],"``read-out''":[153],"ascending":[155],"stages.":[156],"With":[157],"hardware":[159],"uses":[163],"timing":[165],"representation,":[166],"we":[167,205],"study":[168,207],"how":[169],"multiple":[170,182],"affect":[173],"demonstrate":[177],"response":[180,192,248],"sounds":[183],"not":[185],"simple":[187],"linear":[188,283],"addition":[189],"single":[194],"By":[196],"developing":[197],"functional":[198],"models":[199,329],"system,":[204],"efficient":[209],"implementation":[210],"demonstrated":[211],"nature.":[213],"For":[214],"example,":[215],"variations":[216],"among":[217],"analog":[218],"units":[221],"unavoidable":[225],"transistor":[226],"mismatch":[227],"-":[228,237],"traditionally":[229],"thought":[230],"hurdle":[234],"overcome":[236],"been":[239,298],"found":[240,277],"beneficial":[241],"generating":[243],"desired":[245],"diversity":[246],"similar":[251],"neural":[254],"counterparts.":[255],"work":[257],"advocates":[258],"design":[262],"summating":[264],"exponentially":[266],"decaying":[267],"synapses.":[268],"A":[269],"compact":[270],"easily":[272],"controllable":[273],"synapse":[274,318],"has":[276,296],"application":[279],"achieving":[281],"temporal":[284],"summation":[286],"operating":[288,335],"very":[291],"time":[293,312],"constants.":[294],"It":[295],"applied":[299],"modeling":[301],"nonlinear":[303],"intensity-latency":[304],"trading":[305],"working":[307],"synaptic":[311],"constant.":[313],"We":[314],"propose":[315],"new":[317],"compatible":[323],"those":[325],"computational":[328],"implementable":[331],"CMOS":[333],"transistors":[334],"subthreshold":[338],"region.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
