{"id":"https://openalex.org/W37389757","doi":null,"title":"Clinical studies with and pharmacokinetic considerations of sustained-release levodopa.","display_name":"Clinical studies with and pharmacokinetic considerations of sustained-release levodopa.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W37389757","mag":"37389757","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1549198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1549198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1549198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017122855","display_name":"Peter A. LeWitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-4445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-4445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P A LeWitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University School of Medicine, Sinai Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48235"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University School of Medicine, Sinai Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48235","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017122855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65276229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1 Suppl 1","first_page":"29","last_page":"32; discussion 57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levodopa","display_name":"levodopa","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-release-formulation","display_name":"sustained-release formulation","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbidopa","display_name":"carbidopa","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-absorption-and-metabolism","display_name":"drug absorption and metabolism","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-of-effect","display_name":"duration of effect","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-fluctuations","display_name":"motor fluctuations","score":0.7879999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776754145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71133637","display_name":"Carbidopa","level":5,"score":0.9623879194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780304432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q300989","display_name":"Levodopa","level":4,"score":0.9235169887542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.39952632784843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3770734965801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.35336676239967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0969427227973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.07534760236740112}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000978","descriptor_name":"Antiparkinson Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000978","descriptor_name":"Antiparkinson Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000978","descriptor_name":"Antiparkinson Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002230","descriptor_name":"Carbidopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002230","descriptor_name":"Carbidopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002230","descriptor_name":"Carbidopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003692","descriptor_name":"Delayed-Action Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004338","descriptor_name":"Drug Combinations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1549198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1549198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:37389757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1549198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2404222273","https://openalex.org/W2410295430","https://openalex.org/W4298856930","https://openalex.org/W2993523777","https://openalex.org/W105139293","https://openalex.org/W1989462979","https://openalex.org/W2015116922","https://openalex.org/W1979423619","https://openalex.org/W1963763979","https://openalex.org/W2042305533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"levodopa":[1,16,37,61],"is":[2,32,42],"the":[3,13,19,97,124],"most":[4,29],"effective":[5],"antiparkinson":[6],"agent":[7],"yet":[8],"available,":[9],"strategies":[10],"for":[11,138],"improving":[12],"constancy":[14],"of":[15,36,57,60,65,70,75,123],"delivery":[17],"to":[18,24,48],"brain":[20],"are":[21],"sometimes":[22],"needed":[23],"optimize":[25],"its":[26],"actions.":[27],"Its":[28],"common":[30],"formulation":[31,100],"Sinemet,":[33],"a":[34,54,68,121,132],"combination":[35,122],"and":[38,44,62,101,135],"carbidopa.":[39],"Conventional":[40],"Sinemet":[41,52,76,89,99,126,129,136],"absorbed":[43],"metabolized":[45],"over":[46],"3":[47],"4":[49],"hours;":[50],"however,":[51],"CR,":[53],"sustained-release":[55],"preparation":[56],"200":[58],"mg":[59,64],"50":[63],"carbidopa,":[66],"offers":[67],"duration":[69],"effect":[71],"almost":[72],"double":[73],"that":[74],"25/100.":[77],"In":[78],"an":[79],"8-week":[80],"trial":[81],"with":[82,88,96],"25":[83],"parkinsonian":[84],"patients,":[85],"those":[86],"treated":[87],"CR":[90,137],"required":[91],"fewer":[92],"daily":[93],"doses":[94],"than":[95],"conventional":[98,128],"experienced":[102],"improved":[103],"\"on\"":[104],"times":[105],"(although":[106],"improvements":[107],"were":[108],"not":[109],"evident":[110],"in":[111],"all":[112],"motor-fluctuation":[113],"situations).":[114],"The":[115],"best":[116],"therapeutic":[117],"strategy":[118],"may":[119],"be":[120],"two":[125],"preparations,":[127],"25/100":[130],"as":[131],"booster":[133],"dose":[134],"more":[139],"sustained":[140],"effect.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
