{"id":"https://openalex.org/W37310352","doi":null,"title":"Characterization of plasmid DNA transfer into mouse skeletal muscle: evaluation of uptake mechanism, expression and secretion of gene products into blood.","display_name":"Characterization of plasmid DNA transfer into mouse skeletal muscle: evaluation of uptake mechanism, expression and secretion of gene products into blood.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W37310352","mag":"37310352","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8646550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8646550","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8646550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gene therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111409584","display_name":"M Y Levy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Y Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017720586","display_name":"Lee G. Barron","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L G Barron","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K B Meyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K B Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029647516","display_name":"Francis C. Szoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6236-0621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6236-0621"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F C Szoka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9675828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"201","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14126","display_name":"Intramuscular injections and effects","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmid-dna-delivery","display_name":"plasmid DNA delivery","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intramuscular-injection","display_name":"intramuscular injection","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-muscle","display_name":"skeletal muscle","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-alpha-1-antitrypsin","display_name":"human alpha-1-antitrypsin","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadriceps","display_name":"quadriceps","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-direction","display_name":"injection direction","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmid-persistence","display_name":"plasmid persistence","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgene-expression","display_name":"transgene expression","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.7456771731376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95385166","display_name":"Luciferase","level":4,"score":0.695935070514679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22744801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172778","display_name":"Plasmid","level":3,"score":0.6546032428741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6177558898925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187882448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283478","display_name":"Complementary DNA","level":3,"score":0.5436129570007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.5394123196601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.5102810859680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797559","display_name":"Muscle tissue","level":2,"score":0.41377532482147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.38784247636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54009773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429031","display_name":"Transfection","level":3,"score":0.19210785627365112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.16478824615478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.12675797939300537}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000515","descriptor_name":"alpha 1-Antitrypsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000515","descriptor_name":"alpha 1-Antitrypsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000515","descriptor_name":"alpha 1-Antitrypsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000906","descriptor_name":"Antibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001312","descriptor_name":"Aurintricarboxylic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004274","descriptor_name":"DNA, Recombinant","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004274","descriptor_name":"DNA, Recombinant","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007457","descriptor_name":"Iodine Radioisotopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008156","descriptor_name":"Luciferases","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008156","descriptor_name":"Luciferases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008813","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred ICR","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010957","descriptor_name":"Plasmids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014018","descriptor_name":"Tissue Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015139","descriptor_name":"Blotting, Southern","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015971","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016264","descriptor_name":"Dextran Sulfate","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8646550","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8646550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gene therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:37310352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8646550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4012910125","display_name":"SYNTHETIC GENE CARRIERS TO TREAT CYSTIC FIBROSIS","funder_award_id":"R01DK046052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6790291754","display_name":"PHARMACOKINETICS/PHARMACODYNAMICS","funder_award_id":"P50GM026691","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6978244668","display_name":"HEART AND VASCULAR DISEASES","funder_award_id":"T32HL007192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2411047874","https://openalex.org/W1987692821","https://openalex.org/W1969918693","https://openalex.org/W2014495927","https://openalex.org/W1963810035","https://openalex.org/W2045787527","https://openalex.org/W2142261712","https://openalex.org/W2136218848","https://openalex.org/W2023477078","https://openalex.org/W1970708694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"expression":[1,56,61],"of":[2,40,54,67,97,137,180,191,204,210,222],"naked":[3],"plasmid":[4,83,100],"DNA":[5,69,76,84],"coding":[6],"for":[7,115,182],"firefly":[8],"luciferase":[9,55],"(pRSVluc)":[10],"or":[11,70],"a":[12],"secreted":[13,147],"protein,":[14],"human-alpha-1-antitrypsin":[15],"(pRcCMVhAAT)":[16],"in":[17,112,152,214,226],"mouse":[18,42],"skeletal":[19],"muscle":[20,44,75,90,114,133],"was":[21,62,85,129,164,198,217],"characterized":[22],"following":[23],"administration":[24],"by":[25,33,64,93,131,154,160],"an":[26,65],"improved":[27],"intramuscular":[28],"injection":[29,181],"technique.":[30],"Injection":[31],"guided":[32],"intense":[34],"illumination":[35],"along":[36],"the":[37,41,48,89,113,126,132,178,189,202,208,215],"longitudinal":[38],"axis":[39],"quadriceps":[43],"and":[45,101,163],"parallel":[46],"to":[47,158,201],"myofibers":[49],"yielded":[50],"200-fold":[51],"higher":[52],"levels":[53],"than":[57],"perpendicular":[58],"injection.":[59,121],"Luciferase":[60],"inhibited":[63],"excess":[66],"non-coding":[68],"dextran":[71],"sulfate":[72],"suggesting":[73],"that":[74,108,125,146,173,188],"uptake":[77],"mechanism(s)":[78],"can":[79],"be":[80],"saturated.":[81],"Injected":[82],"rapidly":[86],"eliminated":[87],"from":[88,141],"as":[91],"evidenced":[92],"tissue":[94],"distribution":[95],"studies":[96],"radiolabeled":[98],"hAAT":[99,109,127,148,174,193,205,211],"Southern":[102],"analysis.":[103],"However,":[104,207],"PCR":[105],"analysis":[106,136,171],"demonstrated":[107,145,172],"cDNA":[110],"persisted":[111,176],"at":[116,177,183],"least":[117,184],"1":[118,185],"month":[119,186],"after":[120],"Immunohistochemistry":[122],"techniques":[123],"indicated":[124],"gene":[128],"expressed":[130],"fibers.":[134],"ELISA":[135],"serum":[138,153,192,216],"samples":[139],"collected":[140],"intramuscularly":[142],"injected":[143],"mice":[144],"protein":[149,212],"concentration":[150,194,213],"peaked":[151],"day":[155,161],"7,":[156],"started":[157],"decline":[159,190,209],"14":[162],"barely":[165],"detectable":[166],"21":[167,195],"days":[168,196],"post-injection.":[169],"RT-PCR":[170],"transcript":[175],"site":[179],"indicating":[187],"post-injection":[197],"not":[199],"due":[200],"absence":[203],"transcript.":[206],"inversely":[218],"correlated":[219],"with":[220],"accumulation":[221],"murine":[223],"anti-hAAT":[224],"antibodies":[225],"circulation.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
