{"id":"https://openalex.org/W371181318","doi":null,"title":"What are freedoms for","display_name":"What are freedoms for","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W371181318","mag":"371181318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:fac_books-1063","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/fac_books/66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Books","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013745120","display_name":"John H. Garvey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John H. Garvey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013745120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14259","display_name":"Legal Rights and Human Rights","score":0.34130001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14259","display_name":"Legal Rights and Human Rights","score":0.34130001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10718","display_name":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","score":0.33809998631477356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.13650000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom","display_name":"freedom","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-choose","display_name":"right to choose","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-act","display_name":"right to act","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liberalism","display_name":"liberalism","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abortion","display_name":"abortion","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-expression","display_name":"freedom of expression","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-association","display_name":"freedom of association","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friendship","display_name":"friendship","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-judgment","display_name":"moral judgment","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justification-of-law","display_name":"justification of law","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.5336896181106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5122110247612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4575372040271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102523778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3311247","display_name":"Form of the Good","level":2,"score":0.443502277135849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688503","display_name":"Freedom of association","level":3,"score":0.4227801561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3664447069168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3457944691181183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3179575800895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.30592429637908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.2462429404258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.22034472227096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:fac_books-1063","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/fac_books/66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Books","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:371181318","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA29389058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W783940650","https://openalex.org/W3110259349","https://openalex.org/W4237555478","https://openalex.org/W2276883537","https://openalex.org/W2482536308","https://openalex.org/W3047601268","https://openalex.org/W2081737202","https://openalex.org/W2065119599","https://openalex.org/W2441701922","https://openalex.org/W318498661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,98],"generally":[1],"suppose":[2],"that":[3,17,82,127,145,169,185,190,220,263],"it":[4,33,137,170,271,274],"is":[5,27,34,66,72,78,148,155,168,267,272,275],"our":[6,19],"right":[7,22,81,106,111,122,147],"to":[8,13,23,41,58,107,112,123,150,175,193,197,202,207,209,212,215,241,250,268,310],"freedom":[9,119,165,234,240,249],"which":[10],"allows":[11],"us":[12,54,88,172,192],"make":[14,194,277],"the":[15,60,146,151,162,173,183,221,228,237,243,248,252,265,280,315],"choices":[16],"shape":[18],"lives.":[20],"The":[21,286],"have":[24,257],"an":[25],"abortion":[26],"called":[28],"\"freedom":[29],"of":[30,51,142,166,223,230,284,300,308,317],"choice\"":[31],"because,":[32],"said,":[35],"a":[36,67,80,105,110,121,139,156,216,298],"woman":[37],"should":[38,99,117],"be":[39,307],"free":[40],"choose":[42],"between":[43],"giving":[44],"birth":[45,214],"and":[46,114,130,159,232,282,297,303],"not":[47,79,109,226,246],"doing":[48],"so.":[49],"Freedom":[50,77],"speech":[52],"protects":[53,164],"whether":[55],"we":[56,91,116],"want":[57],"salute":[59],"flag":[61],"or":[62,199,206,211],"burn":[63],"it.":[64],"There":[65],"correlative":[68],"principle:":[69],"one":[70,160],"choice":[71],"as":[73,75,104,120],"good":[74,129,157],"another.":[76],"makes":[83],"moral":[84],"judgments.":[85],"It":[86],"lets":[87],"do":[89,242,251],"what":[90],"want.":[92],"John":[93],"Garvey":[94,218,261],"disputes":[95],"both":[96,301],"propositions.":[97],"understand":[100],"freedom,":[101],"he":[102],"maintains,":[103],"act,":[108],"choose;":[113],"furthermore,":[115],"view":[118],"engage":[124],"in":[125,204],"actions":[126],"are":[128,187],"valuable.":[131],"This":[132,178],"may":[133],"seem":[134],"obvious,":[135],"but":[136],"inverts":[138],"central":[140],"principle":[141],"liberalism--the":[143],"idea":[144,184],"prior":[149],"good.":[152],"Thus":[153],"friendship":[154],"thing;":[158],"reason":[161],"Constitution":[163],"association":[167],"gives":[171],"space":[174],"form":[176],"friendships.":[177],"book":[179],"casts":[180],"doubt":[181],"on":[182],"freedoms":[186],"bilateral":[188],"rights":[189,292],"allow":[191],"contradictory":[195],"choices:":[196],"speak":[198],"remain":[200],"silent,":[201],"believe":[203],"God":[205],"disbelieve,":[208],"abort":[210],"give":[213],"child.":[217],"argues":[219],"goodness":[222,229,281],"childbearing":[224],"does":[225,245],"entail":[227,247],"abortion;":[231],"if":[233,264],"follows":[235],"from":[236],"good,":[238],"then":[239],"first":[244],"second.":[253],"Each":[254],"action":[255],"must":[256],"its":[258],"own":[259],"justification.":[260],"holds":[262],"law":[266],"protect":[269],"freedoms,":[270],"permissible--indeed":[273],"necessary--to":[276],"judgments":[278],"about":[279,314],"badness":[283],"actions.":[285],"author\u2019s":[287],"keen":[288],"insights":[289],"into":[290],"important":[291],"issues,":[293],"communicated":[294],"with":[295],"verve":[296],"variety":[299],"real":[302],"hypothetical":[304],"cases,":[305],"will":[306],"interest":[309],"all":[311],"who":[312],"care":[313],"meaning":[316],"freedoms.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}