{"id":"https://openalex.org/W36837923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp36978s","title":"The Ubiquitous \u03b7 Factor","display_name":"The Ubiquitous \u03b7 Factor","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W36837923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp36978s","mag":"36837923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1520/stp36978s","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp36978s","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp36978s","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fracture Mechanics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211076120","display_name":"Fracture Mechanics"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111876444","display_name":"C. E. Turner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"CE Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College 1 Professor of Materials in Mechanical Engineering , , London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College 1 Professor of Materials in Mechanical Engineering , , London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111876444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79827089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"314","last_page":"337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10396","display_name":"Fatigue and fracture mechanics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10396","display_name":"Fatigue and fracture mechanics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10219","display_name":"Mechanical Behavior of Composites","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10700","display_name":"Metal Forming Simulation Techniques","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/j-integral","display_name":"J-integral","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-intensity-factor","display_name":"stress intensity factor","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"compliance","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-fracture","display_name":"nonlinear fracture","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-fracture","display_name":"plastic fracture","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-stress","display_name":"residual stress","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-instability","display_name":"elastic instability","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-instability","display_name":"plastic instability","score":0.9940000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5678324699401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5167486071586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5103773474693298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5037183165550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.4992530345916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110411163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6109458","display_name":"J integral","level":3,"score":0.4548703730106354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.44949978590011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4263666272163391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776901185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799193","display_name":"Elastic instability","level":3,"score":0.41000422835350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.327202707529068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59085676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957852","display_name":"Fracture mechanics","level":2,"score":0.3136831223964691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3129672706127167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2966027557849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18023398518562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17925581336021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16267991065979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09767141938209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0646127462387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1520/stp36978s","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp36978s","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp36978s","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fracture Mechanics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W726692","https://openalex.org/W3152675","https://openalex.org/W19288660","https://openalex.org/W132010116","https://openalex.org/W970082470","https://openalex.org/W998256677","https://openalex.org/W1485923843","https://openalex.org/W1489275818","https://openalex.org/W1577675392","https://openalex.org/W1876293803","https://openalex.org/W2051563154","https://openalex.org/W2056749185","https://openalex.org/W2079010477","https://openalex.org/W2123024771","https://openalex.org/W2314800758","https://openalex.org/W2483012309","https://openalex.org/W2579613448","https://openalex.org/W2740455234","https://openalex.org/W6609573282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2609652737","https://openalex.org/W980394812","https://openalex.org/W2035601390","https://openalex.org/W190636739","https://openalex.org/W2199978242","https://openalex.org/W2248658467","https://openalex.org/W2561804578","https://openalex.org/W2069951777","https://openalex.org/W1606954794","https://openalex.org/W868114362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51],"\u03b7":[1,52],"factor":[2,53],"relates":[3],"G":[4],"or":[5,9,62,72],"J":[6,105],"to":[7,18,32,98],"elastic":[8,99,118],"plastic":[10,84,101,120],"work":[11,22],"per":[12,23],"unit":[13,24],"ligament":[14],"area":[15],"rather":[16],"than":[17],"the":[19,33,45],"differential":[20],"of":[21,35,47,59,65,80,88,113],"crack":[25],"advance.":[26],"In":[27],"principle":[28],"this":[29],"adds":[30],"nothing":[31],"understanding":[34],"fracture,":[36],"but":[37],"in":[38,57,86],"practice":[39],"it":[40],"provides":[41],"convenient":[42],"relationships":[43],"for":[44,77],"analysis":[46],"several":[48],"fracture":[49],"problems.":[50],"can":[54,68],"be":[55,69],"expressed":[56],"terms":[58],"compliance,":[60],"load":[61],"displacement,":[63],"instead":[64],"work,":[66],"and":[67,83,91,100,116,119],"determined":[70],"experimentally":[71],"analytically.":[73],"Expressions":[74],"are":[75,123],"given":[76],"a":[78,104],"selection":[79],"elastic,":[81],"nonlinear,":[82],"cases":[85],"some":[87],"which":[89],"deep":[90],"shallow":[92],"notch":[93],"behavior":[94],"differs":[95],"markedly.":[96],"Application":[97],"test":[102],"analyses,":[103],"based":[106],"design":[107],"curve":[108],"including":[109],"an":[110],"approximate":[111],"treatment":[112],"residual":[114],"stresses,":[115],"both":[117],"instability":[121],"problems":[122],"outlined.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}