{"id":"https://openalex.org/W36726099","doi":null,"title":"Nitrate in Groundwater and Excretion of Nitrate and Nitrosamines in Urine: A Review","display_name":"Nitrate in Groundwater and Excretion of Nitrate and Nitrosamines in Urine: A Review","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W36726099","mag":"36726099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.gssrr.org:article/2946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://gssrr.org/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/2946","pdf_url":"https://gssrr.org/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/download/2946/1958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764533852","display_name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","issn_l":"2307-4531","issn":["2307-4531"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323381322","host_organization_name":"Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323381322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2307-4531","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://gssrr.org/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/download/2946/1958","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046080466","display_name":"Aida Soraya Shamsuddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-7714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-7714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aida Soraya Shamsuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-7714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067497960","display_name":"Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7446-886X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7446-886X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102412219","display_name":"Shaharuddin Mohd Sham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-0821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-0821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaharuddin Mohd Sham","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017169431","display_name":"Emilia Zainal Abidin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-0315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-0315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilia Zainal Abidin","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-0315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3919,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57711218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"176","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.7813000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.7813000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.09889999777078629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10710","display_name":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate","display_name":"nitrate","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-contamination","display_name":"groundwater contamination","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrosamines","display_name":"nitrosamines","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-excretion","display_name":"urinary excretion","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-biomarkers","display_name":"salivary biomarkers","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/well-water","display_name":"well water","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-fertilizers","display_name":"agricultural fertilizers","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-discharge","display_name":"wastewater discharge","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk","display_name":"cancer risk","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.8307076692581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.7138967514038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504460877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925","display_name":"Saliva","level":2,"score":0.5936465263366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38304854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185716","display_name":"Manure","level":2,"score":0.5757578611373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.5614118576049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5603750348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5458158254623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10146269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185557","display_name":"Excretion","level":2,"score":0.5304818749427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.4259074330329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.27976489067077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2641269862651825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.20040908455848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09301137924194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07495170831680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.gssrr.org:article/2946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://gssrr.org/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/2946","pdf_url":"https://gssrr.org/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/download/2946/1958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764533852","display_name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","issn_l":"2307-4531","issn":["2307-4531"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323381322","host_organization_name":"Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323381322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2307-4531","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:34652","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34652/1/Nitrate%20in%20groundwater%20and%20excretion%20of%20nitrate%20and%20nitrosamines%20in%20urine.pdf","pdf_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34652/1/Nitrate%20in%20groundwater%20and%20excretion%20of%20nitrate%20and%20nitrosamines%20in%20urine.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:36726099","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sharifah_Syed_Ismail/publication/270454003_Nitrate_in_Groundwater_and_Excretion_of_Nitrate_and_Nitrosamines_in_Urine_A_Review/links/54ab7be30cf2bce6aa1d881d.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764533852","display_name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","issn_l":"2307-4531","issn":["2307-4531"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323381322","host_organization_name":"Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323381322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.gssrr.org:article/2946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://gssrr.org/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/2946","pdf_url":"https://gssrr.org/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/download/2946/1958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764533852","display_name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","issn_l":"2307-4531","issn":["2307-4531"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323381322","host_organization_name":"Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323381322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2307-4531","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.8571000099182129,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W36726099.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W36726099.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145700950","https://openalex.org/W1965261164","https://openalex.org/W1967232404","https://openalex.org/W1967562780","https://openalex.org/W1968181223","https://openalex.org/W1973270487","https://openalex.org/W1973547686","https://openalex.org/W1973564971","https://openalex.org/W1980020891","https://openalex.org/W1982540762","https://openalex.org/W1985169519","https://openalex.org/W1994740200","https://openalex.org/W2006033844","https://openalex.org/W2009295886","https://openalex.org/W2009354978","https://openalex.org/W2011994966","https://openalex.org/W2013369745","https://openalex.org/W2021045935","https://openalex.org/W2022545495","https://openalex.org/W2025586263","https://openalex.org/W2026498920","https://openalex.org/W2030356232","https://openalex.org/W2033444189","https://openalex.org/W2033996377","https://openalex.org/W2037335255","https://openalex.org/W2038405835","https://openalex.org/W2040876503","https://openalex.org/W2045507079","https://openalex.org/W2048736739","https://openalex.org/W2048917660","https://openalex.org/W2049762183","https://openalex.org/W2050648515","https://openalex.org/W2051052739","https://openalex.org/W2052049881","https://openalex.org/W2052871899","https://openalex.org/W2054082563","https://openalex.org/W2056415326","https://openalex.org/W2060249550","https://openalex.org/W2064974550","https://openalex.org/W2066291890","https://openalex.org/W2066936131","https://openalex.org/W2071716214","https://openalex.org/W2084107384","https://openalex.org/W2087109490","https://openalex.org/W2094667696","https://openalex.org/W2109638551","https://openalex.org/W2109686777","https://openalex.org/W2112780566","https://openalex.org/W2113170910","https://openalex.org/W2116103653","https://openalex.org/W2122996776","https://openalex.org/W2128137922","https://openalex.org/W2130926348","https://openalex.org/W2134339661","https://openalex.org/W2144929674","https://openalex.org/W2154079317","https://openalex.org/W2154916058","https://openalex.org/W2155062619","https://openalex.org/W2157173813","https://openalex.org/W2157640860","https://openalex.org/W2161126311","https://openalex.org/W2167958014","https://openalex.org/W2168751702","https://openalex.org/W2171111677","https://openalex.org/W2257364396","https://openalex.org/W2765344112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121851433","https://openalex.org/W4213158639","https://openalex.org/W4235206984","https://openalex.org/W4414829176","https://openalex.org/W191929033","https://openalex.org/W2085708209","https://openalex.org/W2918404213","https://openalex.org/W4232538925","https://openalex.org/W4390717819","https://openalex.org/W2980536592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nitrate":[0],"is":[1,24],"harmful":[2],"to":[3,52],"humans":[4],"as":[5,45,96],"it":[6],"can":[7,12,49],"form":[8],"endogenous":[9,99],"nitrosamines":[10,59,78,100],"which":[11],"cause":[13],"cancer.":[14],"The":[15,90],"major":[16],"contribution":[17],"of":[18,58,69,77,92,98],"nitrate":[19,70],"contamination":[20],"in":[21,60,72,105],"well":[22],"water":[23],"largely":[25],"from":[26,83],"agricultural":[27],"activities":[28],"(e.g.;":[29],"fertilizers":[30],"and":[31,39,47,56,74,80,88,94],"pesticide),":[32],"wastewater":[33],"treatment":[34],"plant":[35],"discharge,":[36],"animal":[37],"yard":[38],"manure":[40],"storage":[41],"lagoons.":[42],"Biomarkers":[43],"such":[44],"urine":[46,87,93],"saliva":[48,95],"be":[50],"used":[51],"determine":[53],"the":[54,61,75],"occurrence":[55,71],"formation":[57,79,101],"human":[62,84],"body.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"provides":[66],"an":[67],"overview":[68],"groundwater":[73],"mechanism":[76],"its":[81],"excretion":[82],"body":[85],"via":[86],"saliva.":[89],"suitability":[91],"biomarkers":[97],"were":[102],"also":[103],"discussed":[104],"this":[106],"review.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}